賓語從句課件

賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種，用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如：He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在幹什麼。

在賓語從句中須注意：

1. that 在口語中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能省；並且它一般不能引導介詞的賓語從句，但可引導except, but, in 等少數介詞的賓語從句。如：

I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。

I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身體舒服，我願做任何事情來幫助你。

2. 賓語從句之後帶有補足語成分時，一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：

The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。

3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should) do的形式。

He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我們在九點鐘之前趕到那兒。

The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費時間了。

4. 賓語從句的時態與主句的時態須呼應。即：

1)當主句謂語動詞的時態是現在時或將來時，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態表示。如：

He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。

When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當老師知道我們所幹的事情時，他會說我們做了一件好事。

2)當主句謂語動詞的時態爲過去時，從句的謂語動詞須用響應的過去時。如：

He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。

He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。

3)但當從句的內容是客觀真理或客觀事實，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞爲過去時，從句仍用一般現在時。如：

Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。

賓語從句可以分爲三類

（1）動詞的賓語從句

1.1 大多數位於動詞後面

     Eg：I hope you can join us in the game.

1.2 有些是“動詞+副詞”後

     Find out / point out / figure out / turn out/ figure out

     Eg：Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem?

1.3 有些動詞短語後面

      Make sure / make up one’s mind / keep in mind

      Eg：we should keep in mind that sports can be a great boost to our health.

(2) it 作形式賓語代替賓語從句

第一類動詞： find/ feel/ think/ consider/ make / believe/ guess/ suppose /assume等後面有賓語不足語時，需要用it 作形式賓語而將that引導的真正的賓語從句後置。

    Eg：I think it necessary that we do some sporting.

第二類動詞： 帶賓語從句時需要在從句前面加it。這類詞：hate / like/ dislike/ appreciate/ depend on/ see to /

    Eg: I hate it when they talk without considering other’s feeling.

但是如果賓語從句是WH-類引導的，其後面有to be 短語作賓語補足語，不可以用it 代替。

    We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. (right)

    We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said .(wrong)

(3) 形容詞後的賓語從句

Adj: sure / certain/ glad/ pleased/ happy / afraid / sorry 等等。

Eg：I am not sure whether you will come or not.

3. 賓語從句的語序問題

（1）要把疑問語氣改爲陳述語氣

     Eg：I could not understand why you refused this good opportunity.

(2) 賓語從句引導詞that 的省略問題

    That在一般情況下可以省略，但在一下情況下不可以省略。

a.一個動詞帶有兩個或多個並列的賓語從句，第一個that可以省略，第二個和以後的都不可以省略。

     Eg：Our parents tell us that we should be honest and that we need learn how to share our feelings with others and that we must know how to learn from others.

b.賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接引語

      Eg：lily told me that she would not come to school tomorrow.

c.有it 作形式賓語

      Eg：we all consider it important that children need enough sleep.

(3)賓語從句的否定轉移

  條件：1 主語是第一人稱

           2 謂語動詞是think/ believe / suppose/ imagine/ guess / expect

意義：“主句否定形式，從句否定意義”

    Eg: I don’t believe that you are a good guy.

(4)賓語從句的時態

    賓語從句的謂語動詞時態通常受到主句時態的影響

 1.（主現，從不變）主句爲一般現在時態，賓語從句根據需要選擇時態。

     Eg：I know that you did not finish your homework yesterday.

 2.（主過，從過）主句爲一般過去時態，賓語從句選擇與過去有關的時態。

     Eg：he told me that he had been to America .

3.(主過，從真理現)主句爲一般過去時態，賓語從句如果是客觀事實和永久不變的真理，用一般現在時態。

     Eg：My mother once told me that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

(5)運用虛擬語氣的情況

    建議 suggest 、advise、propose；

    要求demand 、desire、request；

    決定 decide；

    命令 order、command、require；

    堅決主張 insist；

    等動詞後跟賓語從句，用（should）+v.（虛擬語氣）