英語將來時態的結構

英語一般將來時態結構：will / shall＋動詞原形；be going to＋動詞原形；be doing。過去將來時結構：助動詞＋動詞原形；was (were) going to＋動詞原形。

一、一般將來時態：
四種形式表達將來時: will / shall＋動詞原形, be going to＋動詞原形, be doing,以及一般現在時.
shall / will / be going to +動詞原形
be to do sth.
be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning….)
be about to do sth.
1. will / shall表示單純的將來(即現在的之後),will還可以表示"決心"、"意願"；shall 用於第一、三人稱的問句中,還可以表示徵求對方的意見.例如：
He will be back in a few days.(單純將來)
I will study hard to keep up with my classmates.(決心或意願)
Shall I go with you?(徵求意見)
【注意】在含有if的條件狀語從句時,主句中要用will表示將來時.例如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go climbing.
2. be going to＋動詞原形多用於口語,強調事先的"打算、計劃"要做的事情或有某種跡象要發生的事情.例如：
What are you going to do this evening?(打算)
Look!There are so many clouds in the sky. It's going to rain, I think. (有跡象要發生的事情)
3. be doing代表現在進行時.現在進行時表示即將發生的將來,多與表示位移的動詞come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等連用.例如：
She is leaving for Beijing. 她就要啓程去北京.
4. 一般現在時表示將來時,主要用於時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中；或者用來表示按時刻表的規定將要發生的動作.例如：
I'll tell him about it as soon as I see him.
My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.

二、過去將來時態：（The Future-in-the-Past Tense)
1)過去將來時一般由“助動詞would(should)＋動詞原形”構成,也可以用“was (were) going to＋動詞原形”來表示.過去將來時表示從過去某一時間看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,這種時態常用在賓語從句中.
I thought the film was going to be very interesting.
我原以爲這個電影會很有趣.
No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.
誰也不知道將由哪個國家舉辦下一屆奧林匹克運動會.
2)由were/was going to 表示過去將來時
Jackie thought the American country music was going to be very popular. 傑基認爲美國鄉村音樂將深受歡迎.
The Greens were going to spend their winter vacation abroad.格林一家將到國外去度寒假.
Zhou Lan said she was going to work hard at her English. 周蘭說她將努力學習英語.
Charlie wrote he and his father were going to cut rice soon. 查利寫道他與他父親不久就打算割稻.
3)用would表示過去將來時
They told me that they would come home by air for the holiday. 他們告訴我說他們將乘飛機回家度假.
The writer thought it would be wrong to eat monkeys. 作者認爲吃猴子肉是不對的.
It would be very difficult to make progress if you didn't work hard.
4)過去將來時態中的否定形式
The radio broadcast that it was not going to snow tomorrow.之聲廣播說明天不會下雪.
He explained that he was not going to take part in the sports meeting. 他解釋說他將不參加運動會.
During an earthquake weak buildings would not stay up. 地震時不結實的樓房就要倒塌.
He would not prepare any special food for his cousin. 他不給表弟做特別的飯菜.