提高閱讀理解有方法，這5招你別錯過！

Forget what you know about reading

There is a right way to read a book for pleasure, and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine. However, it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic.

看書娛樂與看書學習有各自不同的方法。你可以匆匆看一遍書來娛樂，但是如果你用同樣的方式來學習則有弊無利。要想理解與血液有關的一本書或是一篇文章，你要採取策略。

Understand genres and themes

瞭解書的不同類別

In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text.

在大多數閱讀考試中，學生都被要求看一篇文章並預測接接下來的走向。預測是一個很常見的閱讀理解策略。該策略的目的是確保你可以通過文中線索預測信息。

Here’s an passage to clarify this point:

這裏是一篇短文作爲例子：

Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watch the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.

克萊拉握着沉甸甸的大水罐把手，把它從冰箱上拿下來。她不明白爲什麼她媽媽認爲她還太小，不能自己倒果汁喝。她小心翼翼地退後，但是冰箱門的橡膠圈碰到了水罐的蓋子，克萊拉手一鬆，水罐掉了下來，摔成碎片，這時，她看到媽媽走進了廚房。

So, what do you think will happen next? We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient, since we have so little information to go on. But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, you'd make a very different prediction.

接下來會發生什麼？我們可以猜猜，克萊拉的媽媽會怒火中燒還是狂笑不止。這兩種情況都很可能，因爲我們知道的信息太少。但是沒如果我告訴你這篇文章節選自恐怖小說，這就會影響你的答案。同樣的，如果我說這篇文章節選自喜劇，你也會做出完全不同的預測。

It is important to know something about the type of text you're reading. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you comprehend the action.

知道你所讀的材料的類別很重要，瞭解類別可以幫助你預測，也可以幫助你理解。

Read with tools

利用工具閱讀

Any time you read to learn, you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read, and there are tools that are not so good to use.

每當你一邊閱讀一邊學習，你都要用上閱讀技巧。閱讀工具有好也有壞。

A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text. Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read. A highlighter, on the other hand, can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book, you also give yourself the false impression that you have accomplished anything significant by doing so.

鉛筆是個好工具，你可以在書的空白處坐上註釋，而不會損壞書本。另一個好工具是便利貼。你可以一邊讀一邊寫下你的想法、印象、預測及疑問。熒光筆也許會誤事。因爲你不但損壞了書本，還給自己留下了已經標出重點的錯誤印象。

Work the vocabulary skills

學習詞彙技巧

It's a no-brainer that you should take the time to identify and look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But it's important to make a log book of those new words, and revisit them long after you've finished reading that book. The more we study a subject, the more it sinks in.

人人都知道要花時間查閱讀中遇到的生詞，但是重要的是你要把這些生詞記錄下來，並在閱讀後複習它們。對一個方向的學習越深，你瞭解的就越多。

Analyze the title (and subtitles)

分析標題（及副標題）

If you are wondering why I would mention the title last, I can assure you that there is a good reason. The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing. A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and make notations galore. Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process. This is why, once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.

如果你好奇爲什麼我在最後提出要分析標題，我可以向你保證，我有一個絕佳的理由。標題往往是作者寫完以後最後要調整的東西。作者會在標題上花費大量的心思，很經常，作者們取標題時會依照讀者們的策略。作者會編輯文章，確定主旨，進行預測，並做大量標記。許多作者都驚歎自己創作過程中的迂迴曲折，這也是爲什麼一篇文章寫成後，作者會將思考文章的信息和目的作爲最後一步，然後想出新標題。這意味着你可以視標題爲線索，來幫助你理解這篇文本的信息或目的。

聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系原創內容，轉載請註明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個人觀點，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。