新概念英語第二冊語法總結：非謂語動詞之不定式大綱

1．定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質並具有時態、語態變化。

2．形式：（以do爲例）
                    主動語態                            被動語態
一般時            to do                              to be done
進行時            to be doing
完成時            to have done                   to have been done
完成進行時      to have been doing

3．用法：

（1）用作主語：
To speak good English is not easy.
or: It is not easy to speak good English.
（採用形式主語 it 以避免頭重腳輕）
It took me an hour to do the work.

（2）用作賓語：
She decided to take the examination.
I hope to meet him soon.

（3）賓語補足語：
They expected us to help them.
He wants his son to study hard.
金牌重點：
不定式作賓補，如謂語動詞是感官動詞，使役性動詞（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...），則不定式符號“to”須省略，但在被動語態中不能省。
I heard them sing in the classroom.
I made her clean the room.
The girl is heard to sing an English song.

（4）用作表語：
To teach is to learn.
His job is to sell cars.

（5）用作狀語，表示目的，結果：
We come to school to study English.（目的）
           = in order to
I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（結果）

（6）定語：不定式短語作定語須位於名詞之後。
He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.
                  = to write it on the piece of paper.
The poor man has no house to live in.
                                         = to live in the house.
Have you anything to do?
              = to do anything

4．不定式的時態意義：
She seems to dance very well.（現在情況）
She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在進行）
She seems to have danced well.（過去情況）
Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（動作持續一段時間）

5．不定式語態：
The doctor [wrecommend]recommended[/w] him to air the room.
The doctor recommended the room to be aired.
She expects the police to find her bicycle.
She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.
She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.
She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.

6．不定式否定形式：not to do ...
He got up early in order not to miss the train.

測試精編

1. Did you find out ________ the pie out of oven?
A. to take      B. have taken       C. when to take        D. being taken

2. You would be irritated if you watched the mail ________ on your desk every day.
A. putting up   B. to be put up      C. to pile up           D. pile up

3. We shall set Jim ________ the passage.
A. explaining   B. explained        C. to explain          D. explain

4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco ________ in Los Angeles.
A. tostay      B. than stay         C. than staying        D. than have stayed

5. Madame Curies is believed ________ the radium.
A. discovering   B. having discovered   C. to have discovered   D. to discover

（後設答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）

KEYS

1. C    2. D    3. C    4. B    5. C