英語介詞for的用法歸納總結

在英語的學習中，for是很常見的詞彙，那麼對於for的用法你都瞭解嗎，下面是本站小編整理的一些關於介詞for的用法總結，以供大家學習參考。

They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。

What did you do that for? 你幹嗎這樣做?

That’s what we’re here for. 這正是我們來的目的。

What’s she gone for this time? 她這次去幹什麼去了?

He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽車。

【用法說明】在通常情況下，英語不用 for doing sth 來表示目的

他去那兒看他叔叔。

誤：He went there for seeing his uncle.

正：He went there to see his uncle.

但是，若一個動名詞已名詞化，則可與 for 連用表目的

He went there for swimming. 他去那兒游泳。(swimming 已名詞化)

注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，則其後可接動名詞。(見下面的有關用法)

What can I do for you? 你想要我什麼?

We study hard for our motherland. 我們爲祖國努力學習。

Would you please carry this for me? 請你替我提這個東西好嗎?

Do more exercise for the good of your health. 爲了健康你要多運動。

【用法說明】(1) 有些後接雙賓語的動詞(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，當雙賓語易位時，通常用 for 來引出間接賓語，表示間接賓語爲受益者

She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她爲她女兒做了件連衣裙。

He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他爲我們煮了些土豆。

注意，類似下面這樣的句子必須用 for：

He bought a new chair for the office. 他爲辦公室買了張新辦公椅。

(2) 注意不要按漢語字面意思，在一些及物動詞後誤加介詞 for：

他們決定在電視上爲他們的新產品打廣告。

誤：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.

正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.

注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物動詞，但含義不同：advertise sth=爲賣出某物而打廣告;advertise for sth=爲尋找某物而打廣告advertise for a job=登廣告求職。由於受漢語“爲”的影響，而此處誤加了介詞 for。類似地，漢語中的“爲人民服務”，說成英語是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“爲某人的死報仇”，說成英語是 avenge sb’s death，而不是 avenge for sb’s death，等等。

Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用來切東西的。

This knife is for cutting bread. 這把小刀是用於切面包的。

It’s a machine for slicing bread. 這是切面包的機器。

The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 醫生給了她一些感冒藥。

He went home for his book. 他回家拿書。

He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友請教。

She often asked her parents for money. 她經常向父母要錢。

We all hope for success. 我們都盼望成功。

Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要進來喝點茶?

That’s for you. 這是給你的。

Here is a letter for you. 這是你的信。

Have you room for me there? 你那邊能給我騰出點地方嗎?

I am sorry for it. 對不起。

Thank you for coming to see me. 謝謝你來看我。

You can’t see the wood for the trees. 你只見樹木，不見森林。

He is famous for his poems. 他因爲他的詩出名。

He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因爲搶劫而坐牢。

I couldn’t speak for laughing. 我笑得說不出話來。

He couldn’t sleep for joy. 他高興得不能入睡。

For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由於種種原因，我寧願不見她。

【用法說明】有些表原因的特殊結構不宜用介詞 for 來引出，而用其他介詞

他由於努力工作而加了工資。

誤：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.

正：As a [the] result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.

注：as a [the] result of 是習語，意爲“由於……的結果”。

因爲母親不在家，她只好自己做飯。

誤：For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.

正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.

注：“with+賓語+賓語補足語”可用來表示原因，此時的 with 不能換成 for。類似地，下例中的 with 也不能換成 for：

With all this work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. 有這麼多工作要做，我不知是否有時間出去。

我們祝賀你的成功。

誤：We congratulate you for your success.

正：We congratulate you on your success.

注：congratulate 後習慣上接介詞 on 表示原因。

Is this bus for Chicago? 這輛公共汽車開往芝加哥嗎?

They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動身去北京。

They set off for the shops. 他們買東西去了。

Is this the train for Shanghai? 這是開往上海的火車嗎?

Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必須在北京換車。

【用法說明】比較 for 與 to，兩者均可表示目的地，注意以下區別：

for 通常與 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等動詞連用，而 to 則通常與 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等動詞連用

We departed for London at 10 am. 我們上午10點動身去倫敦。

Then we drove to the station. 然後我們就開車去了車站。

有時，同一個動詞(如 sail)兩者均可連用，但含義稍有差別：用 for 通常只表示向着某目的地那個方向，並不強調到達的意思;而 to 含有到達某目的地的意思

They sailed for Shanghai. 他們開船駛往廣州。

若與名詞連用，也有類似區別

There will be a train for Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(僅表示向武漢方向，但在武漢未必是停靠站)

There will be a train to Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(開往武漢方向，且在武漢停靠)(R56)

順便說一句，也有的辭書持幾乎相反的觀點，認爲 for 與 to 表示目的地時，for 表示的是預定目的地，而to 表示的是假設將會到達的目的地。

I’m going away for a few days. 我要走開幾天。

I’ve been here for ten years. 我來這兒有10年了。

He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。

The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店給我送來了一張50美元的賬單。

【用法說明】for 用於表示時間或距離的長度(尤其是緊跟在動詞之後)時，有時可省略

The meeting lasted (for) three days. 會議持續了3天。

They walked (for) fifty miles. 他們走了50英里。

但是當 for 短語位於句首或在否定句中時, for 通常不宜省去

For ten years he lived here. 他在這裏住過10年。

We have not heard from him for a long time. 我們很久沒收到他的來信了。

Eggs are good for you. 雞蛋對你有好處。

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在牀上看書對你的眼睛不好。

Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走運，火車也晚點了。

【用法說明】關於 for 與 to 表示“對……來說”時的區別，參見 to。

Do you have any books for children? 你有適合小孩子看的書嗎?

He is the very person for the work. 他是最適合做這工作的人。

It’s a good place for a camp. 那是個露營的好地方。

She bought some clothes for winter. 她買了些冬天穿的衣服。

He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用幾本雜誌換她的字典。

She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元買這條裙子。

I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角錢買了一磅蘋果。

Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐字硬譯。

Don’t take him for a fool. 別把他當傻瓜。

He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一條繩子誤認爲是蛇。

He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事實。

The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都認爲那些失蹤的人已死了。

【用法說明】用於此義時，有時相當於 as, to be, as being，但要注意不同句型的搭配習慣

I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他爲人老實。

It was built for [as] a pleasure boat. 這船建作遊艇之用。

比較：

He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑視爲同意。

Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合夥人好嗎?

按傳統語法，take…for… 通常指誤認爲是……，而 take…as [to be] 則主要指正確地認爲是……。但在現代英語中，有時並未完全遵守此規則。

但是與 mistake 連用的則通常是 for 而不是 as

We mistook the house for a hotel. 我們把那房子誤以爲旅館。

Are you for or against the plan?你是支持還是反對這個計劃?

I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全贊成年輕人多玩玩。

He’s done well for a beginner. 作爲新手，他乾得很好。

He is heavy for a small boy. 作爲一個小男孩而言，他的身體算重的了。

She was short for her age. 就她的年齡來說，個子是矮了點。

The day is cool for July. 在7月裏這樣的日子算是涼快的了。

Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵樹要種三棵樹。

He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敵人與朋友之比爲一比一百。

For every five who passed, there were two who failed. 每5個人及格，就有2個不及格。

For every mistake you make, you’ll lose half a mark. 你每犯一個錯誤，就要扣去半分。

【用法說明】用於此義時，通常與 each, every 或數詞連用。

What’s the English for “中國”? 英語裏“中國”怎麼說?

What’s the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什麼?

Red is for danger. 紅色代表危險。

Let me do it for you. 讓我替你做吧。

The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在審案期間由律師代表他行事。

The appointment is for 10:30. 約會定在十點半。

We’ve invited our guests for 7 o’clock. 我們已邀請我們的客人7點鐘來。

We’ve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 我們的假期安排在七月份的第二個星期。

The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次會議已定於5月10日舉行。

【用法說明】用於此義時，for 主要指安排或約定的時間，所以像下面兩例中的介詞 at，in 就不能換成 for

He gets up at six every day. 他每天6點鐘起牀。

He was born in September, 1988. 他出生於1988年9月。

For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他雖然富有，可是非常寂寞。

For all his efforts, he didn’t succeed. 儘管他做了很多努力，卻仍然沒有成功。

I love you, for all your shortcomings. 儘管你有很多缺點，但我仍然愛你。

【用法說明】用於此義時，通常與 all 連用。(見上例)

It is for you to decide. 該由你來決定。

All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我們能在一起。

Is there any need for me to go? 我有沒有必要去?

He spoke too fast for her to follow. 他說得太快，她跟不上。

It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他這麼快就離開這裏真是遺憾。

It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己過馬路很危險。

For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 一座橋像那樣倒塌是不可想像的。

【用法說明】(1) 下面兩句同義，但以第一句爲普通

老人快跑是危險的。

正：It is dangerous for an old man to run fast.

正：For an old man to run fast is dangerous.

(2) 有時可表目的

I’ve sent my coat away for it to be cleaned. 我把外衣送去洗了。

For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 爲了增加銷量，我們必須降低價格。

(3) 有時用於 than 後引出不定式的邏輯主語

There’s nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 沒有什麼比虐待小孩更惡劣的了。

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