關於加強中美經濟關係的聯合情況說明

Joint Fact Sheet on Strengthening U.S.-China Economic Relations
關於加強中美經濟關係的聯合情況說明

December 05, 2013
2013年12月5日

Building on President Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping’s shared commitment to building a new model of major country relations, both countries affirm their commitment to practical cooperation for the benefit of our two economies and to address global economic challenges. The United States and China reached the following outcomes on energy and climate change, innovation, and food and drug safety, under the framework of the Economic Track of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED). The United States and China further reaffirm their commitment to implement fully the concrete measures pledged by each country during the Economic Track of the S&ED, in order to further support strong domestic and global growth, promote open trade and investment, enhance international rules and global economic governance, and foster financial market stability and reform.
按照習近平主席和奧巴馬總統達成的建設中美新型大國關係的共識，雙方承諾開展務實合作以促進兩國經濟，並共同應對全球經濟挑戰。雙方通過中美戰略與經濟對話框架下經濟對話，就能源和氣候變化、創新和食品藥品安全有關問題議定以下成果。中美雙方再次重申，將採取切實行動全面落實中美戰略與經濟對話框架下經濟對話的有關承諾，進一步支持國內和全球經濟的強勁增長，促進開放的貿易和投資，強化國際規則和全球經濟治理，並促進金融市場穩定和改革。

Strengthening Cooperation on Energy and Climate Change
加強能源和氣候變化領域合作

Building on the climate accord announced by the two Presidents at Sunnylands, and the S&ED in July 2013, the United States and China affirm the importance of deepening cooperation to address climate change, reduce local air pollution, transition to a low carbon energy economy, and strengthen the resilience of global energy markets. Recognizing the significant and mutual benefits of intensified action and cooperation on energy and climate change, including enhanced energy security, a cleaner environment, both the United States and China affirm the commitments below.
基於習近平主席與奧巴馬總統今年6月在美國加州安納伯格莊園會晤時就應對氣候變化達成的共識，以及7月份第五輪中美戰略與經濟對話的承諾，中美雙方強調，在應對氣候變化、減少本地大氣污染、轉向低碳節能經濟、提高能源市場抗風險能力等領域加強合作非常重要。雙方認識到在能源和氣候變化領域加強行動與合作，包括強化能源安全和實現更清潔的環境非常重要並符合雙方共同利益，在此作出以下承諾：

The United States and China reaffirm the importance of the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) as a means for enhancing bilateral cooperation on climate change, and both sides commit to devote significant effort and resources to the five initiatives launched under this framework, including Energy Efficiency, Smart Grids, Greenhouse Gas Data Collection and Management, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS), and Heavy Duty and Other Vehicles, in order to see concrete results by the 2014 Strategic and Economic Dialogue.
中美雙方重申通過中美氣候變化工作組深化雙邊氣候變化合作的重要性。雙方承諾投入大量精力和資源，落實工作組框架下提出的5項倡議，即能效，智能電網，溫室氣體排放數據的收集和管理，碳捕集、利用和封存，以及載重汽車和其他汽車的減排，力爭在2014年中美戰略與經濟對話前取得實質性成果。

To help accelerate progress on the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group Heavy-Duty and Other Vehicles initiative, the United States and China commit to implement and enforce their current schedules for implementation of low-sulfur fuel and for motor vehicle emissions standards. Both sides also commit to work together to help China design and implement China VI vehicle emissions standards as soon as practical, strengthen communication in heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency standards to reduce greenhouse gas emission, promote the implementation of clean action plans for heavy-duty diesel vehicles, and explore ways to design and implement the clean action plans for non-road motor vehicles and supporting diesel engines, which would reduce PM2.5 emissions and would have substantial air quality and climate benefits. The United Statescommits to provide technical assistance to achieve these goals and continue to provide technical assistance on regional air quality management and modeling, including emissions from mobile sources.
爲加快中美氣候變化工作組在載重汽車和其他汽車減排倡議方面的行動，中美雙方承諾根據現有計劃表，實施並執行使用低硫燃料和機動車尾氣排放的標準。雙方承諾加強合作，協助中方在條件允許的情況下儘快制定和實施第六階段機動車尾氣排放標準（國標6），就載重汽車燃油效率標準加強交流以減少溫室氣體排放，推進實施載重柴油車清潔行動計劃，並探索制定和實施非道路移動機械及配套用柴油機清潔行動計劃，這將減少PM2.5排放，並顯著改善空氣質量和氣候狀況。美方承諾提供技術援助以實現上述目標，並繼續爲包括交通工具尾氣排放在內的區域性空氣質量管控和建模提供技術援助。

The United States and China reaffirm theircommitment to implement the consensus reached by Presidents Obama and Xi Jinping on hydrofluorocarbons from June 8, 2013, and September 6, 2013.
中美雙方重申致力於落實習近平主席和奧巴馬總統在2013年6月8日和9月6日會晤中達成的關於氫氟碳化物問題的共識。

Both the United States and China emphasize the importance of the multilateral climate change agreement that is currently being developed for completion at the Paris Conference in 2015. Recognizing their significant roles in this regard, the two sides intend to maintain close contact throughout the negotiations, including through leader-level discussions, consulting on areas of convergence as well as divergence and working bilaterally and with other countries to bring about a successful outcome.
中美雙方強調多邊氣候變化協定的重要性，目前各方正就此進行討論並期待在2015年聯合國氣候變化巴黎會議上達成。雙方認識到中美兩國在此領域的重要作用，將在談判過程中通過高層磋商等渠道保持密切聯繫，在有共識和有分歧的領域都進行磋商，並加強雙邊和與其他國家的合作，以取得成功結果。

The United States and China are to enhance transparency in the energy sector, including to increase cooperation on energy market transparency. The U.S. Energy Information Administration commits to share expertise in gathering and distributing energy data. China is to develop the capacity to publish more complete public energy statistics on a more frequent basis, and enable stronger cooperation with the Joint Organizations Data Initiative. The United States and China are to cooperate on strategic petroleum reserves, through information exchanges on policies, management, and technologiesand through annual technical meetings of U.S. and China strategic petroleum reserve authorities.
中美雙方將提高能源領域透明度，包括在能源市場透明度加強合作。美國能源信息局承諾分享收集和公佈能源數據方面的專業知識。中方將推進能力建設，以便加大頻率發佈更加完整的公共能源數據，並能夠進一步加強與聯合組織數據倡議（JODI）的合作。中美雙方將通過政策、管理、技術等方面的信息交流和中美雙方戰略石油儲備主管部門的年度技術會議，就戰略石油儲備開展合作。

The United States and China note the exceptional importance of China accelerating the development of its natural gas sector and unconventional gas resources, and recognize the positive impact shale gas development in China can have for Chinese and global energy markets. China welcomes participation in shale gas exploration and development, including by domestic and international private businesses and investors. The United States commits to engage with China on technical, standards, and policy cooperation, to facilitate the improvement of China’s regulatory frameworks, so as to promote the sound and rapid development of China’s shale gas exploration and development. The two sides commit to promote technological innovation, environmental supervision, and resource regulation in the shale gas sector and encourage the success of shale gas development in the two countries, so as to jointly promote responsible development and utilization of unconventional gas resources such as shale gas globally, and safeguard energy supply security and energy market stability.
中美雙方注意到中方加快天然氣產業和非常規天然氣資源發展的突出重要性，並認識到中國頁岩氣發展可以對中國和全球能源市場發揮積極作用。中方歡迎國內、國際私營企業和投資者參與頁岩氣勘探開發。美方承諾與中方開展技術、標準、政策等方面的合作，並促進中方完善有關監管框架，以促進中國頁岩氣勘探開發的健康、快速發展。中美雙方承諾共同推進頁岩氣行業的技術創新、環境監管和資源監管，鼓勵兩國頁岩氣開發取得成功，從而共同推進在全球範圍內對頁岩氣等非常規天然氣資源的負責任的開發利用，保障能源供應安全和能源市場穩定。The United States respects China’s growing energy needs and economic concerns, especially in crude oil trade and investment. Both sides reiterate their commitment to work together on our shared goal of secure and well-supplied energy markets.
美方尊重中方增長的能源需求和經濟關切，特別是在原油貿易與投資領域。雙方重申致力於合作推進雙方的共同目標，維護安全和供應良好的能源市場。

The United States commits to inform China about the statutory process required by the Natural Gas Act (NGA) which governs the evaluation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export applications, to FTA countries and to non-FTA countries such as China. The NGA directs the U.S. Department of Energy to evaluate LNG export applications to non-FTA countries, applying the same rules in every case. To date, one final and four conditional license approvals have been granted to export LNG to non-FTA countries. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently evaluating pending applications on a case-by-case basis. The DOE is to keep the National Energy Administration of China informed of the status of the process.
美方承諾向中方通報《天然氣法案》中規定的向自貿協定國家和中國等非自貿協定國家出口液化天然氣（LNG）申請評估的法律程序。該法案指定美國能源部負責評估向非自貿國家出口LNG的申請，在此過程中將對每一個申請適用相同規則。目前已有一個向非自貿協定國家出口LNG的申請獲得最終批准，四個申請獲得有條件的批准。美國能源部正在對現有的申請進行逐案評估。美國能源部將向中國國家能源局持續通報有關狀態進展。

The United States commits to actively encourage the export of technologies and equipment related to oil and gas exploration and development to China. Accordingly, the United States commits to process and decide upon in a timely manner, specific requests for deep-water oil and gas and shale gas exploration and development-related technology and equipment for civilian end users and civilian end uses that China wishes to procure that may be subject to export controls once the United States receives all necessary information required under the Export Administration Regulations.
美方承諾積極鼓勵對華出口與油氣勘探開發相關的技術和設備。鑑此，美方承諾，在收到《出口管理條例》所要求的所有必要信息後，對中方提出的希採購用於民用最終用戶和民用最終用途的、但可能受到出口管制的深水油氣和頁岩氣勘探開發相關的技術和設備的具體申請及時受理並作出決定。

The United States and China commit to undergo fossil fuel subsidy peer reviews under the G-20 process, and rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption over the medium term,while providing targeted support for the poorest.
中美雙方承諾在G20框架下參與化石燃料補貼同行審議，在中期內規範和逐步取消鼓勵浪費的低效化石燃料補貼，同時爲最貧困人羣提供特定幫助。

Protecting Innovation and Promoting Trade in Safe Food and Drugs
保護創新和促進安全的食品、藥品貿易

Building on successful discussions during the 2012 U.S.-China High-Level Agricultural Symposium, the July 2013 S&ED, and looking towards a productive and mutually beneficial December 2013 meeting of the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT), the United States and China affirm the importance of deepening cooperation to address a range of food and drug issues of common concern. Availability of high-quality and safe food and drugs are essential to the growth of our economies and well-being of our peoples. The United States and China therefore commit to the following measures related to promoting and protecting innovation, as well as ensuring safe and well-regulated bilateral trade in food and pharmaceuticals.
基於2012年中美高級別農業研討會、2013年7月中美戰略與經濟對話就相關議題富有成效的討論，以及對2013年12月份中美商貿聯委會取得積極、互利成果的期待，中美雙方強調深化合作以解決一系列共同關心的食品和藥品問題的重要性。獲得高質量且安全的食品和藥品對兩國經濟發展和人民福祉至關重要。因此，爲促進保護創新和確保雙邊食品和藥品貿易的安全性和良好監管，中美雙方共同承諾採取如下措施：

The United States and China commit to carry out communication and cooperation on agro-chemical regulation, standards for testing methods and drug and pesticide residue limits and regulation on edible agricultural products for import and export.
中美雙方承諾就進出口食用農產品的用藥規範、檢測方法標準、藥物和農藥殘留限量及監管等方面進行交流合作。

In line with the reform goals of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, China commits to promote the reform of its regulatory system for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by implementing Drug Master File (DMF) management for APIs and to study the possibility of setting up a framework for the registration of bulk chemicals that can be used as APIs. The two sides mutually affirm the central role of drug manufacturers in ensuring drug quality, and will exercise appropriate regulatory oversight over manufacturers towards this end. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration commits to review its authorities to determine whether it can exclude from consideration for import APIs from Chinese firms that are not registered with the China Food and Drug Administration.
中方承諾，根據十八屆三中全會的改革目標，推進原料藥（API）監管制度改革，推行API備案管理制度，並研究對可用作API的大宗化學品建立備案框架的可能性。雙方一致強調，藥品生產企業在確保藥品質量中應承擔核心責任，並將在這一方面對生產企業實施合適的監管措施。美國食品藥品管理局承諾，根據自身權力，對於未在中國國家食品藥品監管總局註冊的中國企業生產的API，考慮是否將其排除在允許進口名單之外。

China affirms that the Chinese Patent Examination Guidelines permit patent applicants to file additional data after filing their patent applications, and that the Guidelines are subject to Article 84 of the Law on Legislation, to ensure that pharmaceutical inventions receive patent protection. China affirms that this interpretation is currently in effect.
中方確認，中方的《專利審查指南》允許專利申請人在提交專利申請後提交額外的數據，《專利審查指南》適用《中華人民共和國立法法》第八十四條，確保藥品發明獲得專利保護。中方確認，上述解讀在實際操作中已實施。

To promote bilateral communication and cooperation in pharmaceuticals, medical products and food safety, the Chinese side commits to issuing visas for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food inspectors, drug inspectors and food expert referenced in Diplomatic Note 1252 of November 19, 2012 and Diplomatic Note 0843 of August 20, 2013. These personnel will be posted to the U.S. Embassy in China, with diplomatic privileges and immunities. At the same time, the United States commits that, on a reciprocal basis, China increases its relevant staff in the Chinese Embassy in the United States, with diplomatic privileges and immunities. No later than January 17, 2014, the two sides commit to signing an memorandum of understanding to specify the scope of activity of these personnel.
從促進中美雙方在藥品、醫療產品和食品安全等領域的交流與合作出發，中方承諾爲美國駐華使館2012年11月19日第1252號照會和2013年8月20日第0843號照會提及的美國食品藥品管理局食品檢查員、藥品檢查員和食品專家頒發簽證。上述人員將派駐在美國駐華使館，享有外交特權和豁免。與此同時，美方承諾，中方在對等基礎上向中國駐美國使館增派享有外交特權和豁免的相應人員。雙方承諾不遲於2014年1月17日簽署諒解備忘錄明確各自派駐人員的活動範圍。

The United States and China commit to discuss issues concerning China raised in the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriation Act, 2013.
中美承諾就《2013財年綜合與繼續撥款法案》中的涉華條款開展討論。

The United States and China recognize the importance of promoting non-discriminatory government procurement policies. The two sides commit to have further consultation on China’s concerns regarding non-discriminatory treatment of Chinese-invested enterprises established in the United States in U.S. government procurement.
中美雙方認識到推進非歧視的政府採購政策的重要性。雙方承諾就中方關於美國在政府採購中給予在美中資企業非歧視性待遇的關切進一步進行磋商。