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中級口譯之英譯漢模擬題02

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Passage 6

中級口譯之英譯漢模擬題02

The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word, that is, complexity. The large mammalianbrain is the most complicated thing, for its size, known to us. The human brain weights 3 ponds, but in that 3 ponds are 10 billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells.// Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can't compare in intricacywith the brain. Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions. What's more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex inner structure.// It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed” to do so. They can only do what men have them do. One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are “programmed” to do. Our genes “program” us and our potentialities are limited by that “program”.// Our “program” is so much more enormously complex, though, that we might like to define “thinking” in terms of our creativity in literature, art, science and technology. In that sense, computers certainly can't think.//

大腦與電腦的差別可以用“複雜性”這三個字來表明。哺乳動物碩大的腦子就其體積而言是我們所知道的最爲複雜的東西。人腦的重量爲3磅,而這3磅卻包含着100億個神經元和1000億個更小的細胞。//就複雜性而言,世界上已生產出的最爲複雜的電腦也無法與大腦的複雜性相提並論。電腦的開關和元件充其量只要數千個,而不是數千億個。此外,電腦開關只是億個離合裝置,而大腦細胞卻有着極其複雜的內部結構。//我們經常聽到人們說,電腦處理問題是因爲電腦設有能讓其處理問題的程序,它們只能按人的指令行事。我們應該知道,人類也設有程序。我們的基因給我們編寫了程序,我們的所作所爲無不受制於這個“程序”。//我們大腦的程序極其複雜,我們或許可以從人類的文學、藝術、科學和技術上的創造力這些角度給“思考”下定義。從這個意義上說,電腦肯定無法思考。//

Passage 7

In his book Brave New World, published in 1932, Aldous Huxley predicted a big biotechnological revolution about to take place: the hatching of people not in wombs but in test tubes; the drug which gave people instant happiness; the sensation which was simulated by implanted electrodes; and modification of behavior through the administration of various artificial hormones.// With 70 years of separating us from the publication of this book, we can see that Huxley's technological predictions are surprisingly accurate. Many of the technologies that Huxley envisioned are already here or just over the horizon. But this revolution has only just begun.// According to Huxley, the most significant threat posed by contemporary biotechnology is the possibility that it will alter human nature and thereby move us into a “posthuman” stage of history. This is important because human nature exists and defines us as a species with a stable continuity. It is what defines our most basic values.// Medical technology offers us in many cases a devil's bargain: longer life, but with reduced mental capacity; freedom from depression, together with freedom form creativity or spirit. It will blur the line between what we achieve on our own and what we achieve because of the levels of various chemicals in our brains.//

奧爾德斯.赫胥黎在其1932年出版的《奇妙新世界》一書中預言了一場即將發生的生物技術革命。赫胥黎預示:人類可以在試管裏而不是在子宮裏孕育;藥物可以即刻給人以快感,植入體內的電極可以給人以刺激,輸入不同的人造荷爾蒙可以改變人的行爲。//此書問世70年後,我們看到赫胥黎對技術發展的預言是如此驚人的精確,所預言的許多技術已經誕生或即將誕生。但這場革命還只是剛拉開了序幕。//赫胥黎認爲,當代生物技術對人類構成的最嚴重的威脅有可能改變人性,從而把我們帶入“後人類”的歷史階段。赫胥黎的預警很重要,因爲人性確實存在,人性界定着我們這個具有穩定延續性的物種,同時又界定着我們最基本的價值觀。//醫學技術在許多方面爲我們提供了一種魔鬼交易:我們雖然延長了壽命,但是腦力卻減退了。我們雖可免患憂鬱症,但是也失去了創造力和靈氣。我們無法區分哪些成就是我們自身努力的成果,哪些成果是由我們大腦裏的化學物質造成的。//Passage 8

For most of the 1990s, CEOs of Old Economy companies struggled to turn slow-moving organizations into nimbler, more flexible outfits. The truth is, real transformations are the exception rather than the rule. Changing the core values, the attitudes, and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization is overwhelmingly difficult.// Enron tumbled down. Enron didn't fail because of improper accounting or alleged corruption at the top. It also failed because of its entrepreneurialculture---- the very reason Enron attracted so much attention and acclaim. Too much emphasis on earnings growth and individual initiative, coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate checks and balances.// What constitutes entrepreneurial culture? In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and agglomeratingforce that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior shared by the whole staff.// In the broad sense, entrepreneurial culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.//

二十世紀九十年代的大部分時間裏,舊經濟公司的首席執行官們都在努力地將運作緩慢的公司朝着敏捷,更富有彈性的公司轉型。但實際情況是,真正轉型成功的公司是極個別的例子。 轉變一家大型公司的核心理念,態度和基本關係極其困難。//安然栽了。安然的失敗並不僅僅是因爲公司做了假帳或者所謂的高層腐敗,其失敗的原因還應歸咎於公司的企業文化,正是這種企業文化曾經使安然應人注目,備受青睞。過分強調收益的增長和個人的主動性,加上缺乏那種常規的公司制約平衡機制。//那麼什麼是企業文化?狹義上來說,它指的是企業在生產經營實踐中行成的一種基本精神和凝聚力,以及全體職工共同具有的價值觀念和行爲準則。//從廣義的角度上來說,企業文化還包括企業人員的文化,即企業領導人員的文化心理、文化素養以及員工的文化行爲。//

Passage 9

A major appeal of investing in bonds is that they provide investors with a steady stream of income and guarantee the repayment of the loan in full at maturity. Bonds also appeal to investors because of their scope for capital appreciation. Take for instance a fall in interest rates, in this case bonds which were issued when interest rates were high will become increasingly valuable and as the bond price rises, this provides profit for bond sellers.// In addition, if interest rates had fallen significantly over a period of time, economic growth would be stimulated as lower borrowing costs and savings rates would encourage businesses to invest and households to consume. In such a low interest-rate environment, it may still be good for investors to consider investing some money in bonds because they will be able to achieve a higher return than cash deposits.// Equities and government bonds are well suited to some investors. Younger investors will benefit from equity capital growth because they are generally investing for the longer term and not undulyconcerned with the lack of immediate yield. Investors concerned with avoiding risk will be prepared to accept the relatively low yields now available on government bonds.// But many investors fall somewhere between these two extremes. In recent years, financial markets have become increasingly polarized between growth and security. Investors looking for medium and low risk are increasingly turning to the corporate bond market as an alternative to equities and government bonds.//

債券吸引人的一大特點是讓投資者有一筆有固定的收入,到期時能收回借出的資金。債券也有增值的機會,例如在利率下跌時,那些在利率高時發行的債券價格將會升高,讓債券持有人有機會賺取利潤。//此外,如果利率在過去一段時間裏明顯下跌,會刺激經濟增長,因爲較低的貸款成本和儲蓄利率將鼓勵商家投資,帶動家庭消費。在這樣的低利率環境下,投資人可以考慮把一些資金投資在債券上,因爲投資者將取得高於現金存款的回報。//股票和政府債券非常適合某些投資者的胃口。年輕的投資者一般從股票的資本增值中獲益,因爲他們通常做長線投資,不太在意眼前的收益。想規避風險的投資者則願意購買目前收益相對較低的政府債券。//但是很多人選擇在股票和政府債券這兩者之間進行金融投資。今年來金融市場的投資增值與投資安全日趨分化。那些只願承受中低風險的投資人都轉向公司債券。公司債券是股票和政府債券的理想替代品。//

Passage 10

Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame and fast money and to participate enthusiastically in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.// The valley's professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single-minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of teamwork and esprit de corps, that sustain them until their mission is accomplished.// Paper qualification, though useful, is not a be-all-and-end-all. More weight is given to a candidate's proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community.// While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one's vision and track record, and not one's nationality, skin color or creed. This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, lures foreigners to its shores.//

硅谷猶如一塊磁鐵,把許許多多天資聰穎的工程師、科學家、企業家從世界各地吸引到這裏。他們來此尋求功名,希望快速致富,積極投身於技術革命,而這場革命所帶來的影響必將超 過昔日具有劃時代意義的歐洲文藝復興運動和產業革命。// 硅谷人的工作之勤奮,舉世罕見。一天工作15 個小時,一週工作七天,這樣的工作日程安排在硅谷卻是司空見慣的現象,尤其在創業初期更是如此。硅谷人放棄社交生活,減少與家人一起生活的時間,努力去尋求事業彩虹盡頭處的那一桶金。正是這種孜孜不求卓越的精神,加上優良的團隊精神,支持着硅谷人的奮鬥理念,他們不達目的絕不罷休。//在硅谷,文憑雖然有用,卻不是一切,一紙定不了終身,硅谷更看重求職者的真才實學和崗位資質。最具有說服力的例子莫過於行業的偶像人物,如蘋果公司的創始人喬布斯和沃茨尼亞克,微軟的創始人蓋茨,他們都是一些大學輟學者,在講究學歷的社會很可能永無出頭之日。//毫無疑問,美國人雖然存在着宗族歧視,但這種現象在硅谷卻難尋蹤影。硅谷人最看中的是人才視野和成長曆程,而不是國籍,膚色或宗教信仰。這種觀念加上硅谷多宗族的社會、不拘禮儀的生活方式、舒適宜人的氣候,使外國人近悅遠來。//