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高中英語的形容詞的語法

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形容詞可用於作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等,是高中英語的學習的重要的內容,下面本站的小編將爲大家帶來高中英語的形容詞的語法的介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家。

高中英語的形容詞的語法
  高中英語的形容詞的語法介紹

1常見考法

1.形容詞的辨析;

2.複合形容詞的構成;

3.形容詞的句法功能;

4.多個形容詞定語的排序;

5.形容詞的比較等級。

形容詞和副詞

1.“as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as”表示同級比較,注意中間的形容詞和名詞並列時各自所在的位置。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人們普遍認爲,教學是一門科學,同時也是一門藝術。

2.“as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as”與“not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級+as”表示同級比較,即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

這項工作不是像你想像的那麼難。

3.“the+比較級+of the two +名詞”表示“兩者中較……的那個”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。

4.a+形容詞比較級+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究兩年之後,現在我們對這種病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

爲了尋找更美好的生活我們去了美國。

5.比較級的修飾語常見的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用於否定句或疑問句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

學生們學習比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽車比自行車跑得快得多。

6.最高級

(1)最高級的修飾語常見的有:序數詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的橋。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想買僅次於最貴的照相機。

(2)否定詞+比較級=最高級。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

爲朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你對他在會議上說的滿意嗎?

— couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍數的句型:

(1)A is+倍數+比較級+than+B

(2)A is+倍數+as+原級+as+B

(3)A is+倍數+the+名詞(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍數+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍數+what 引導的名詞性從句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

這個建築物是那個建築物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的產量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自從新技術被引進以後,這家工廠2008年生產的小汽車是上一年的兩倍。

8、形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質或特徵。

1)性質形容詞有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot

2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱爲表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數以a開頭的形容詞都屬於這一類。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing爲字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之後,例如:something nice

9、以-ly結尾的形容詞

1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍爲形容詞。

2)有些以-ly 結尾既爲形容詞,也爲副詞。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容詞表示類別和整體

1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的複數連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有關國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的複數連用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序

11、多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序爲:

限定詞+數量詞(序前基後)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2誤區提醒

1.形近、意近詞的混用 2. 形容詞的句法功能用錯 3.複合形容詞的構成不熟悉4.多個形容詞作定語時排序不清 5.形容詞的比較等級用錯

【典型例題】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:錯選B。 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質地+用途+國家+名詞。正確答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容詞分辨不清而錯選其他。根據題意,本句話表達“我們瞭解到,爲了重建在地震中被破壞的學校,正在採取一些積極的措施”。空處應填“積極的”,正確答案爲D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容詞比較等級用法沒掌握好而錯選C. 此處應用比較級表最高級意思。正確答案爲B。

點擊下頁查看更多高中英語的介詞短語的作用介紹  高中英語的介詞短語的作用介紹

1介詞的搭配與選擇

介詞不能在句子中獨立充當一個成分,而需要與其後面的賓語相結合,成爲介詞短語,在句中充當一個成分。所以選用什麼介詞要根據其後面所接的賓語而定。但是,有時介詞也受其前面用詞的限制,因此,許多情況下也應根據介詞前面的詞選用相應的介詞。

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2介詞的語法功能

介詞與其他詞類或成分結合後方能在句子中充當語法成分,構成介詞短語。介詞短語可以作定語(須後置)、狀語、表語、賓語補足語、另一個介詞的賓語,間或作主語等。

例如:

The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定語)

Her eyes were tired from long reading.(狀語)

The decision is of great importance to me.(表語)

They found the machine in a bad state.(賓語補足語)

A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介詞賓語)

On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主語)

3介詞的分類

介詞是用於名詞詞組或相當於名詞詞組的結構之前,表示詞語之間意義關係的詞類。 英語常用的介詞大致可分爲四類:

1.簡單介詞

顧名思義,簡單介詞是指由一個單詞構成的介詞,也是使用最頻繁的一類介詞。簡單介詞也可能由形容詞、副詞、分詞、名詞、連詞等轉變而來。常用的簡單介詞有:

at,about,above,across,after,among, against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past, round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。

2.合成介詞

指由介詞+其它介詞或副詞構成的介詞。常用的合成介詞有:

inside,into,onto, outside,throughout,towards,within,without等。

3.二重介詞

指由兩個單一的介詞並列在一起,作爲一個介詞使用並表達一個完整意思的介詞。常見的二重介詞有:

from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。

4.短語介詞

指由介詞+介詞、介詞+名詞、介詞+分詞、介詞+動詞、介詞+形容詞、介詞+副詞等構成的短語.常用的有:

according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短語介詞與介詞短語不同。介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構成,本身可作句子成分,如定語或狀語等,可單獨使用;而短語介詞是用作介詞的短語,不可獨立使用,本身不能作句子成分,後面要跟名詞、動名詞或代詞等。

4介詞的賓語

介詞的賓語可以是名詞、代詞或其他詞類或句子等。例如:

名詞:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed.

代詞:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him.

形容詞:Your plan is far from perfect.

副詞:I can't see the tower clearly from came from afar.

動名詞:He entered the room without taking off his hat.

不定式:He did nothing but cry.

介詞短語:She often studies till after midnight.

數詞:In nine out often he won't come.

疑問詞+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.

疑問詞引導從句:He does not care about who will be promoted.

that引導的從句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.

5介詞短語的句法功能

1.作定語

The key to the door is missing.

2.作表語

As we know, Japanis to the east of China.

3.作狀語

1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (時間狀語)

2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地點狀語)

3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式狀語)

6介詞的複合結構

1. 介詞+賓語+形容詞

He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

2. 介詞+賓語+分詞

The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

3. 介詞+賓語+不定式

The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.

4. 介詞+賓語+副詞

The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.

5. 介詞+賓語+介詞短語

The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

7介詞的疊用

在少數介詞之後還可接另一個介詞短語,也就是我們所稱的二重介詞。如:

The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.

四、介詞+and+介詞

Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.

There are many trees in and outside the town.

8介詞的固定搭配

在英語中固定搭配的介詞詞組和短語介詞很多,平時需要加強記憶。此處講解幾個常見的動詞與介詞的固定搭配,並且就較容易混淆的介詞搭配進行比較、分辨。

as 擔任 act for 代理

y to 應用於,適合於,向……申請 apply for 申請,要求

ng to 屬於 belong in住在,應該…… belong with 應歸於(類別,範疇等)

on 號召,請求,拜訪 call at 探訪(at後接地方) call in 請醫生,召集,收集 call to 高聲喚(某人)

are with 跟……相比較 compare to 把……比作,與……相比

espond with 與……通信;適合 correspond to 相當於

in 做生意,經營(=engage in) deal with 對付,論及,與……交往(=cope with)

with 玩(某物) play at玩(某種遊戲) play on 玩(某種樂器)

er from 患(病),受……禍患.

on 伺候 wait for等待

9常易混用介詞的區別

1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介詞。

2. 表示地點的in和at的區別

a) at表示位置,in表示“在…內”如:

— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (問話者想知道的是位置)

— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (問話者可能已經在影院門外)

b) at表示小地點,in表示大地點

They arrived at the village at seven.

They arrived in Beijing at seven.

3. in, to和on在方位名詞前的區別

in表示在某範圍之內;to表示某範圍之外的地方;on表示“毗鄰、接壤”

Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.

Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.

Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.

4. 表示時間的in和after

用於將來時態時,in後面接“時段”;after後面接“時點”。試比較:

He will be back in five hours.

He will be back after five o’clock.

after後面也可接“時段”,但應該用在過去時態的句子中。

They came back after five days.

10常見考法

一些常見介詞如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;

一些介詞短語如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.

11誤區提醒

1. 一些介詞的基本用法不清;2. 一些多義介詞的用法弄混;3. 一些介詞短語不會靈活運用。

【典型例題】

d you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

B. at C. for D. to

解析: 錯選D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意爲“爲了大家欣賞”,for在此處爲一基本用法,但受to one’s joy的影響錯選答案。正確答案爲C。

2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

解析:錯選C。next to 挨着,far from 遠非,out of 出於,due to 因爲,根據意思,有空的句子要表達“但還很不理想”。正確答案爲B。


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