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英語基礎知識大全 入門知識整理

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我們從小學就開始學習英語,然而很多人卻仍學不好,所以英語基礎知識紮實不紮實很重要,今天本站小編在這裏爲大家分享英語基礎知識大全,歡迎大家閱讀!

英語基礎知識大全 入門知識整理
  英語基礎知識:冠詞 a / an 的用法

a用於輔音音素前 a useful book, a university, a “u”

Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while

an則用於元音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X”

keep an eye on

  英語基礎知識:定冠詞the的用法

1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Give me the book.

2)上文提到過的人或事: ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.

3)指世上獨一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe )

4)單數名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible

5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only,very, same等前面:I live on the second floor.

6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the arm.

7)用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前:  She plays the piano violin guitar in the north of China

8)用在普通名詞構成專有名詞前: the People's Republic of China  the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace

9) 用在姓氏的複數名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens are playing the piano.

10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),in the middle (of),in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole,by the way,go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain,

  英語基礎知識:不用定冠詞的情況

1) 國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:China , Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒

2)物質名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;當表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。

3)在季節、月份、節日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

4)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞; He is captain of the team.

5)在三餐、四季,球類運動、學科、娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast /supper / lunch,play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter

6)當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship

7)Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town

部分詞組有無冠詞的區別

in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫院裏

in front of 在---的前面in the front of 在----內部的前面

go to school 上學go to the school 到學校去

a number of = a lot of 許多,謂語動詞用複數。

The number of ----的數目,----的總數, 謂語動詞用單數(第三人稱單數)

  英語基礎知識:名詞

可數名詞的單數變複數①一般情況加s ②以s, x sh ch,等結尾的詞加-es  bus-buses watch-watches ③以o 結尾的名詞,無生命的加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos有生命的es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes ④以f或fe 結尾的名詞,去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolves wife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves (加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofs safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;)⑤以輔音字母+y結尾的詞,變y爲i,再加es  baby---babies ⑥不規則:a. 單複數形式一樣。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet tooth---teeth child—children mouse---mice man---men woman---women businessman ---businessmen

German---Germans women doctors

集體名詞: People, police,(一般表示一個整體,謂用複數) class, family, glasses

  英語基礎知識:不可數名詞

常見的不可數名詞有:information, news, room (空間), work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat

① A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修飾不可數名詞.

② 不可數名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

③ 如果用and連接兩個不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。Time and money are-

④ A cup glass bottle box kilo group crowd class pair of

Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of

名詞所有格 在英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關係,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱爲該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

1) 單數名詞詞尾加"'s",複數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加" 's ",如the boy's bag,men's room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

2) 若名詞已有複數詞尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:Teachers’ Day ladies’room twenty minutes’ walk

3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關係,如:the title of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China

4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的後面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理髮店。

5) 如果兩個名詞並列,並且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。John's and Mary's room(兩間)  John and Mary's room(一間)

6) 複合名詞或短語,'s 加在最後一個詞的詞尾。 如:a month or two's absence

7)雙重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary’s mother’s

  英語基礎知識:代詞

1、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞

I—me—my—mine—myself you —you—your—yourself (yourselves)

he—him—his—his—himself she—her—her—hers—herself

it—it—its—its—itself we—us—our—ours—ourselves

they—them—their—theirs—themselves

人稱順序you, he, she, I ; we, you, they

主格作主語;賓格作賓語,動詞和介詞之後通常作賓格;形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用,通常放在名詞之前;名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,“of+名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬關係。A friend of mine我的一位朋友; teacher of hers 她的老師

  英語基礎知識:代詞it 的用法

①指代前面提到過的事物。 ②表天氣。 ③表距離。

④指嬰兒和不明身份的人。 ---John, someone in your class phoned you this morning. ---Oh, who was it?

⑤用作形式主語。

It’s kind / good / nice /clever /polite / foolish of sb. to do sth.

It’s important / necessary / possible / easy / difficult for sb to do sth,

It’s time to get up.

It’s time for lunch.

It’s one’s turn to do

It seems that

It takes sb. some time to do sth.

⑥用作形式賓語。Find / think / feel + it +adj +to do sth

It one 的區別

It 特指上文提到的同一對象,同一事物。

one同類而不同一。

that常用於比較結構中,代替前面提到的名詞,以避免重複。

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  英語基礎知識:反身代詞

構成規則:一、二物主,三爲賓。

運用:hurt/ teach/ wash / buy/ enjoy oneself

by / Help oneself (one selves) to --- / Look after oneself / Say to oneself / Come to oneself

2、不定代詞 little, a little, few, a few=several(some), some, any much, too much, much too, more then =over, less than= nearly

something 某事,某物,用於肯定句。注意:⑴由複合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。Everyone is here.

⑵修飾不定代詞的形容詞後置。I have something important to tell you.

⑶在反意疑問句中,表示人的複合代詞在陳述句中作主語時,附加問句中的主語用he或they,表物的用it 。

anything 任何事物,某事物,用於否定句、疑問句。

everything 每件事,一切事物,用於各種句型。

nothing沒什麼,沒有任何東西。=not ----any thing

somebody 某人,有人=someone

anybody 任何人(用於否定句、疑問句,條件從句中)

nobody沒有人

little, 幾乎沒有,表示否定意思,用以修飾不可數名詞。

A little ①一點點,表示肯定,用以修飾不可數名詞。Only a little 僅一點點.②也可修飾形容詞和副詞。③一點點,放在動詞、動詞賓語後。

few幾乎沒有,表示否定意思,用以修飾可數名詞。

a few=several 幾個, 一些,表示肯定意思,用以修飾可數名詞。

some 一些,修飾可數名詞,後跟複數形式名詞或ones, 也可修飾不可數名詞。在表示請求、委婉語氣的疑問句和表示希望得到對方的肯定回答的問句中,常用some. Could you give me some apples?

any 一些,任何一些。 一般用於疑問句中或否定句中和IF 引導的條件句中。

much 許多。修飾不可數名詞,放在不可數名詞前,可用a lot of 替換。

too much 太多的,用法相當於much ,放在不可數名詞前。Heath is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much rich food.

much too 太,用法相當於too, 放在形容詞和副詞前。Keep quiet! It’s much too noisy here.

more than 超過,多於。=over

more or less 或多或少,差不多。=about

at least 至少

a lot 許多,修飾動詞。Thanks a lot.

a lot of = lots of 許多的,可修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。

a number of 許多的,= many 只用於修飾複數形式名詞,放在可數名詞複數前。

every 用於三個或三個以上,着眼於整體。後可跟數詞。詞組有every ten minuets

each 用於兩個或兩個以上,着眼於個體。詞組有each of

either 兩個中任何一個

either ----or

both 兩個都

both ---- and ---

both of ---

neither 兩個中一個也沒有 e.g. ---Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone? ---Neither, I enjoy using QQ.

neither --- nor ---

any 三個以上中任何一個

all三個以上中全部

none 三個以上中一個也沒有。 None of ---中沒有一個,表示三個或以上數目的人或物中沒有一個,表否定,作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數。

others 表示“泛指”除自己外,別的人。Some ----, others -----

the other 表示兩個中的另一個。One ----, the other ----

the others 表示特指的另一些。

another 後跟單數名詞。表示泛指另一個人。後跟帶數詞的複數名詞,表示“再,還要”的意思。

other 別的,另外的,一般後跟複數名詞或ones , 在other 前可加some, many 或數詞,表示“幾個,一些別的”

Such a tall building such an exciting football match

so many people

each other相互,彼此,指兩個或兩個物時 。one another 相互,彼此,指三者或三者以上的彼此。one another’s 相互的,彼此的。

  英語基礎知識:數詞

表示數目多少或順序多少的詞叫數詞,數詞分爲基數詞和序數詞。表示數目多少的數詞叫基數詞;表示順序的數詞叫序數詞。

一、基數詞和序數詞

1)基數詞寫法和讀法: ①百位與十位,用 and, 十位與個位,寫時用“—”②先確定分節號,從右至左,每隔三位數是一個分節號。③第一個分節號是千位 thousand 4第二個分節號是千位 million ⑤第三個分號節是十億位 billion. 1, 234 ,567, 892one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-two

2)分數表示法 構成:分子基,分母序,分子大於1時,分母在序數詞後加S: 1/2 a half 1/3 one-third; 2/3 two thirds 3/4 three quarters = three fourths 2- 3/4 two and three fourths

3)表示"年代",用 in +the +數詞複數; in the 1980s (20世紀80年代)

4)表某人幾歲時: in +物主代詞+數詞的複數形式 in one’s twenties

5)He lives in Rom 88. One plus two is three. Three times five is fifteen.

6)hundred , thousand , million 等詞前有具體的數字時,不能加S 如 three hundreds 這種說法是錯誤的

7)hundreds of thousands of millions of

8)a 21-year-old girl three days and a half = three and a half days one and a half hours = one hour and a half we’ll have two weeks’ holiday (two-week holiday)

9)(基數詞變序數詞的口訣)

一、二、 三特別記,th從四以上記;怎麼加很容易,八減t,九減e; f來把ve替,見y變ie;若是遇到幾十幾,變換個位就可以。

One-first two-second three- third five- fifth eight-eighth nine- ninth twelve – twelfth thirteen- thirteenth fifteen- fifteenth eighteen- eighteenth twenty- twentieth twenty-one---twenty-first thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty–fiftieth sixty- sixtieth seventy- seventieth eighty-eightieth ninety-ninetieth

序數詞的縮寫形式: first---1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---31st

  英語基礎知識:形容和副詞

①修飾something, anything, everything, anybody等不定代詞的形容詞,形容詞要放在不定代詞之後。I have Something important to tell you.

②enough修飾形容詞、副詞時,enough要放在形容詞和副詞之後。Far enough

③interesting, exciting, boring, amazing, surprising, moving 主語爲物。Interested, excited, amazed, surprised, frightened, tired, pleased 主語爲人。

④Much, far, a lot, a little, even等後要用形容詞或副詞的比較級。 I fell even worse now.

5.連繫動詞be, 感官動詞(look, smell, taste, sound, feel )三個變(get, become, turn,) keep 後跟形容詞.

⑥既可作形容詞又可作副詞的詞有:

hard 作形容詞=difficult , 作副詞,放在work, rain等後,表努力地做。

well作形容詞身體好; 作副詞,做得好。

long作形容詞,表事物的長度,作副詞,放在last, talk等後,表動作持續。

Fast 作作形容,放在系動詞後,作副詞放在rain, make sth.等詞後,表“做得快”。

High作形容詞“山,海浪的高。作副詞, 放在fly, jump 等後表飛得高,跳得高。

⑦五、形容詞變爲副詞 ①+ly useful, wide, strong ②改y爲i,再加ly healthy , heavy, happy, lucky, noisy, ③good ——well terrible---terribly probable---probably

⑧多數以ly 結尾的詞是副詞。 但friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, daily, lively是形容詞。

⑨China is larger than any other county in Asia. (同一範圍內) China is larger than any county in Afirca. (不同範圍內)

⑩how many 對可數名詞數量的提問。How many people are there in your family?

How much 對不可數名詞數量的提問和提問價格。

How long 多久,多長時間。回答常用:for + 段時間 since +點時間。

How soon 多快,多久以後。回答常用:in +段時間

How often 多長時間一次,提問頻率。回答常用:once (twice) a week, three times a day, often

How far 多遠,對距離提問。回答常用:fifteen minutes’ walk , 10 meters away

形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級:

原級: as +原級 + as ; not as / so +原級 + as =反義詞+than English is as interesting as Chinese. Mr. Zhang isn’t as old as Mr. Li. = Mr. Zhang is younger than Mr. Li.

比較級的標誌詞 ①than, Lily’s bag is bigger than hers.

②much, far, a little, even , next time

③which / who ---- A, B ? Which is more beautiful, Tom, Jim?

④the +比較級----,the+比較級---- The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.

⑤比較級+and+比較級 (多音節詞和部分雙音節詞用more and more +原級) 越來越---- harder and harder , our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

最高級標誌詞:①the + 最高級 + of / in Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

②One of the + 最高級 + 名詞複數 Zhou Jiekun is one of the most popular singers.

③Which / who ----+ 最高級, A, B or C? Who city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Kunming?

④序數詞+最高級,表“第幾最----” Chang jiang is the first longest river in China. the second largest population

形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成規則 (略)

不規則: good / well --- better--- best bad / badly/ ill ---worse--worst many / much -- more ----most little ---less---least far --- farther(較遠)--- farthest far---further(進一步) ----furthest

tired ---more tired ---the most tired (right, tired, glad. pleased. real )


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