2017中考英語知識點梳理
英語是中考的一門重點考查科目，爲了方便同學們更好地進行復習，接下來本站小編爲你整理了2017中考英語知識點梳理，一起來看看吧。
1.介詞的功能
介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當於名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關係，不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當於名詞的其它詞構成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語，狀語，表語和賓語補足語。例如：
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語)
The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語)
Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補足語)
2.常用介詞的用法辨析
(1)表時間的介詞
at, in on
表示時間點用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個世紀，某年，某月，某個季節以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
since, after
由since和after 引導的詞組都可表示從過去某一點開始的時段，但since詞組表示的時段一直延續到說話的時刻，因而往往要與現在完成時連用。而after詞組所表示的時段純系過去，因而要與一般過去時連用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
in, after
in與將來時態連用時，表示“過多長時間以後”的意思，後面跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態連用時，後面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。After與過去時態連用時，後面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。例如：
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地點的介詞
at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個範圍之內;on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高於某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高於某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
across, through
across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關，表示動作在某一物體的表面進行。Throgh的含義與in有關，表示動作是在三維空間進行。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個範圍以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某個範圍以內。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
3.介詞的固定搭配
介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關係。記住這種固定搭配關係，才能正確使用介詞。
(1)介詞與動詞的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…， 等。
(2)介詞與名詞的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
(3)介詞與形容詞的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
4.連詞的功能
用來連接詞，短語，從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句中不能單獨使用。連詞可分爲兩類：並列連詞和從屬連詞。
5.並列連詞
並列連詞用來連接具有並列關係的詞，短語或句子。常見的並列連詞有：
(1)表並列關係的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表選擇關係的or, either…or等。
(3)錶轉折關係的but, while等。
(4)表因果關係的for, so等。
6.從屬連詞
從屬連詞用來引導從句。常見的從屬連詞有：
(1)引導時間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導條件狀語從句的if, unless等。
(3)引導原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4)引導目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引導讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引導結果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引導比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。
(8)引導名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
7.常用連詞的用法辨析
(1) while, when, as
這三個連詞都可引導時間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。
當某事正在進行的時候，又發生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用來引導表示“背景”的時間狀語從句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
當兩個長動作同時進行的時候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
當兩個動作都表示發展變化的情況時，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
當兩個短動作同時發生時，或表示“一邊…一邊…”時，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
當從句的動作先於主句的動作時，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
當從句是瞬間動作，主句是延續性動作時，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
(2)as, because, since , for
這四個詞都可表原因，但用法有區別。
如果原因構成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引導的從句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
---Why aren’t you going?
---Because I don’t want to.
如果原因已被人們所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一點。As和since 引導的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
for用來補充說明一種理由，因此，for引導的從句幾乎可以放在括號裏。For引導的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導賓與從句是一般可互換。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：
引導主語從句時。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
引導表語從句時。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
(4)so…that, such…that
so…that中的so是個副詞，其後只能跟形容詞或副詞，而such…that中的such是個形容詞，後接名詞或名詞短語。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
(5)either…or…， neither…nor, not only…but also…
這三個連詞詞組都可連接兩個並列成分。當它們連接兩個並列主語時，
謂語動詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。例如：
Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor his children like fish.
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.
(6)although, but
這兩個連詞不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說“Although he is
over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”這個句子應改爲：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
(7)because, so
這兩個連詞同樣不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 這個句子應改爲Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.
2017中考英語知識點：賓語從句一、賓語從句的種類
賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或
形容詞的賓語。根據引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分爲三類。
1.由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語
和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2.由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3.由if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二、賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序應爲陳述句的語序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三、賓語從句的時態
1.如果主句的時態是一般現在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態就用什麼時態。
如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2.如果主句的時態是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應的過去時態(一般過去時， 過去進行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時)。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態常用一般現在時。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
2017中考英語知識點：動詞1.動詞的時態
英語時態用共有十六種時態，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、現在完成時、過去進行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。
(1)一般現在時的基本用法
①經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語：every…， sometimes, at…，on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
②客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
③表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round
④現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。
I don't want so much.
⑤某些動詞如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般現在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發生的動作。
The train comes at 3 o'clock.
⑥在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現在時代替一般將來時。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
(2)一般過去時的用法：
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內所發生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句，如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。
I worked in that factory last year.
【注意】
①過去經常反覆發生的動作，也可用used to或would加動詞原形來表達，例如：
I used to go fishing on Sundays.
②“used to”也可用於表示過去曾經存在過的狀態。例如：
This river used to be clean.
(3)一般將來時的用法
①表示將來的動作或狀態。例如：
I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
②表示將來反覆發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：
He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
③表示將來的意願，決心，許諾， 命令等時常用will，徵求對方意見，主語是第一人稱時，常用shall。
I will do my best to catch up with them.
Shall I open the door?
④be + going + 動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型，表示打算，計劃，最近或將來要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
⑤be + 動詞不定式。表示有職責，義務，可能，約定，意圖等。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon.
We are to meet the guests at the station.
⑥be about + 動詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。
They are about to leave.
(4)現在進行時的用法
①現在進行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發生或者進行的動作， 它注重
現在正在進行的動作，而不管動作從什麼時間開始，到什麼時間結束。
What are you doing now?
I am looking for my key.
②現在進行時表示目前一段時間內正在進行的動作(但說話時這個動作不一定在進行)。
The students are preparing for the examination.
③某些動詞的現在進行時可以表示即將發生的動作，這些動詞有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用於進行時態
①表示狀態的動詞，尤其是靜態動詞，如：be, have
②表示認識、知覺和情感的動詞，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。
(5)現在完成時的用法
①現在完成時表示在說話之前已經完成或剛完成的動作。
I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.
They have cleaned the classroom.
②現在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續到現在，或者還有可能持續下去的動作或狀態。 現在完成時常與for 和 since 引導的短語或從句連用。
We have lived here since 1976.
They have waited for more than two hours.
【注意】
一般過去時與現在完成時的區別
試比較：
I saw this film yesterday.(強調看的動作發生過了，不涉及現在)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。)
(6)過去進行時的用法
表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。例如：
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
【注意】
過去進行時和一般過去時都是過去發生的事情，但過去進行時側重表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或所處的狀態，強調動作的連續進行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實，例如：
They were building a house last month. (上個月正在建造，建造好與否不知)
They built a new house last month. (上個月建造好了，動作已經完成)
(7)過去完成時的用法
過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態，過去完成時常和 by , before 等詞組成的短語和從句連用。
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.
When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
(8)過去將來時的用法
過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發生的動作或存在地狀態，過去將來時較多地被運用在賓語從句中。例如：
They were going to have a meeting.
I told him that I would see him off at the station.
2.動詞的語態
語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。
主語是動作的發出者爲主動語態;主語是動作的接受者爲被動語態。
(1)被動語態
①被動語態最基本的句型結構是：be +及物動詞過去分詞
②被動語態中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞
因爲被動句中的主語是動作的承受者，某些短語動詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用於被動語態。
The children were taken good care of by her.
【注意】
短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態時不可遺漏。
③主動語態變爲被動語態要加“to”的情況
若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變爲被動語態時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞爲感官動詞，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher)。
④主動形式表示被動意義
如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如：
The food tastes good.
3.非謂語動詞
對非謂語動詞的考點是：感官動詞後不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法;一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to，但變爲被動語態時就要帶to;有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語，但表達的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。
(1)非謂語動詞的形式
非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分爲動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。
(2)不定式作賓語補足語
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
(3)不定式作目的狀語
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
(4)用不定式和分詞作補足語都可以的動詞
這樣的動詞有感官動詞如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役動詞如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示動作的完整性，真實性;+doing 表示動作的連續性，進行性。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園裏幹活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強調"我見他正幹活"這個動作)
昨天我見他正在花園裏幹活。
(5)用不帶to不定式的情況
使役動詞如： let, have, make等和感官動詞如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等後作賓補，省略to。在被動語態中則to不能省掉。
過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作;現在完成時爲過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響;一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。
(6)接動名詞與不定式意義不同
①stop to do 停止，中斷做某事後去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
②forget to do 忘記要去做某事。(未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。(已做)
③remember to do 記得去做某事(未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事(已做)
④try to do 努力，企圖做某事。
try doing 試驗，試着做某事。
⑤go on to do 做了一件事後，接着做另一件事。
go on doing 繼續做原來做的事。
⑥mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味着
4. 容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
①say表示講話，作爲及物動詞使用，後跟賓語或賓語從句。
He said he would go there.
It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
②speak表示“講話”，一般作爲不及物動詞使用，而有時作爲及物動詞後面跟上各種語言作爲賓語。
Do you speak English?
May I speak to Mr Pope, please?
②talk表示“談話”，是不及物動詞，與to , about, with等連用，纔可以接賓語。
What are you talking about?
Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
④tell 表示“告訴，講述”是及物動詞，可以帶雙賓語或複合賓語。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
①look強調“看”這個動作，是不及物動詞，常與at連用，然後接賓語。
Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
②see 指“看見”某物，強調的是結果。
They can't see the words on the blackboard.
Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
③watch 指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。
The twins are watching TV now.
He will go to watch a volleyball match.
④read指“看書”、“看報”、“閱讀”之意。
Don't read in the sun.
I like to read newspapers when I am free.
(3) borrow, lend和keep的區別。
①borrow意思爲“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續性動詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動作。
Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
②lend 是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續性動詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.
Could you lend us your radio, please?
③keep是“保存”的意思，動作可以延續。
How long can the recorder be kept?
The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.
(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
①bring意思爲“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。
Bring me the book, please.
May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
②take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這裏“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
Mother took the little girl to the next room.
③carry 是“帶着、搬運、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有揹着、扛着、抱着、提着的含義，不表明來去的方向。
Do you always carry a handbag?
The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
④get是去某處將某物拿回來。
Please go to my office to get some chalk.
There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?
(5) wear, put on和dress的區別
①wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用於穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強調“穿着”的狀態。
Tom always wears black shoes.
He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.
②put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用於穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重於穿戴的動作。
It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
He put on his hat and went out of the room.
③dress可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解時，只用於穿衣服，不用於穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作爲及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人，不是衣服。dress sb. (給某人穿衣服)，而wear作“穿着”用時，也是及物動詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。
She always dresses well.
Get up and dress quickly.
Mary is dressing her child.
(6) take, spend 和use的用法。
①take指做某事用多少時間，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work.
It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.
It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.
②spend指某人在某事(物)上花費時間或錢。句型是：
Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.
She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.
He didn't spend much time on his lessons.
He spent much time (in) correcting students' exercises.
Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.
③use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer?
Shall we use your car?
(7)reach, get 和arrive的區別。
①reach是及物動詞，後面要直接跟表示地點的名詞作賓語。
After the train had left, they reached the station
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
②get是不及動詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，後面接表示地點的副詞時，不用to，get to常用於口語中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
My sister was cooking when mother got home.
③arrive是不及物動詞，表示到達一個小地方時，用arrive at, 到達一個大地方時用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived at a small village
The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.
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