托福考生必備素材：做家務的目的

託福寫作考試分爲獨立寫作和綜合寫作2個部分。很多考生在考試當中會遇到尷尬的事情就是無話可說，那麼這時你積累的一些託福寫作素材可能就會幫助到你了。下面小編給大家帶來托福考生必備素材：做家務的目的。

托福考生必備素材：做家務的目的

Wring some meaning from work.

When we stack firewood to prepare for the upcoming winter, make a gift to celebrate a friend’s good news, or change a favorite recipe to accommodate Grandpa’s diabetes, our efforts have purpose and value. As our children participate along with us, they feel the intrinsic satisfaction of doing something that has meaning.

So many educational tasks put before our children serve no purpose other than to instruct. But when learning is connected to something truly purposeful, it can’t help but kindle motivation. Children feel honored to be included in real work that includes real challenges. If we pay attention, we see that’s just what they pretend to do when they play.

重點搭配和句子摘抄：

stack firewood to prepare for the upcoming winter: 爲將要到來的冬天堆積柴火

make a gift to celebrate ：製作一個禮物慶祝

change a favorite recipe to accommodate Grandpa’s diabetes：爲了適應爺爺的糖尿病改變菜譜

participate along with us：跟我們一起參與

feel the intrinsic satisfaction of doing something：通過做_x感到內在的滿足感

educational tasks ：教育相關的任務

serve no purpose ：沒有任何目的

when learning is connected to something truly purposeful, it can’t help but kindle motivation.

當學習跟有目的性的東西相結合的時候，就會點燃動力。

feel honored to ：感到驕傲

適用的題目：

Children should spend most of their time studying or playing; they shouldn't be required to help the family with household chores, such as cleaning and washing.

　　托福考生必備素材：一個人的旅行

Missed flights, cancelled rides and changed plans make solo travelers incredibly resilient. After grappling through the ups and downs of a solo trip, you're capable of bouncing back from pretty much anything life throws your way.

飛機誤點、行程取消還有計劃改變，獨自旅行者因而變得異常平靜，接受各種變化。經歷過獨自旅行的起起伏伏，無論人生途中有何坎坷，都可以自我恢復。

Solo adventure taught me a ton about relationships and human connection. Solo traveling pushed me out of my comfort zone.

一個人旅行教了我很多有關人際關係的處理，促使我走出自己的舒適區。

Yes, safety is a concern in certain locations, and it's often pleasant to have someone to share the scenery with. But never underestimate the glory of traveling solo, because you'll learn things you can't learn any other way.

確實，有些地方的安全問題是要考慮的，同他人共享美景往往也令人愉悅。但不要低估獨自旅行的榮光，因爲你能學到別處學不到的東西。

If you have the heart of an explorer, traveling alone is an excellent way to see the world on your own terms. But it can also be scary, particularly if you're a woman concerned about her safety on a solo trip to far-flung corners of the globe. Self-reliance was at the core of your being.

但如果你內心是個探險家，那麼一個人獨自旅行是看這個世界絕佳的方法。 獨自一人也可能很駭人，尤其你若是一個女孩子，獨自一人去世界遙遠的角落不免擔心安全問題。依靠自己是你存在的核心。

As we 'grow up' it becomes impractical to up-and-leave. Valid reasons like job security, relationships and making rent replace our once happy-to-rough-it-for-months mentality. That’s a good thing.

我們慢慢“長大”，“說走就走”變得越來越不可行。工作安全感、人際關係和房屋租金等真切存在的理由替代了我們曾經“快樂度日、得過且過”的思維方式。

As a solo traveler, you are more open, more willing to make friends, and share experiences with others along the way, and this reveals itself in your actions and your face. A well-considered itinerary helps me feel secure and keeps me occupied.

一個人旅行，你會變得更開明、更願意結交朋友、更樂於和別人分享一路的遊歷體驗，這會體現在你的行爲中，也會寫在你的臉上。

The ironic thing about traveling solo is that you're rarely ever actually alone. There's always an open seat next to you, whether you're on a plane, train, or bus, and sometimes that can lead to unwanted advances.

具諷刺意味的是，獨自旅行時你很少真正獨處。你身旁總會有一個空位，無論你在飛機、火車還是公交車上，有時還會帶你開啓一場你不曾期待的冒險。

　　托福考生必備素材：廣告和傳媒

1.廣告所造成的影響

正面影響

A. For customers, advertising plays an imperative part in making them aware of the worth of the product or service.

B. For business, advertising facilitates manufacturers in creating product awareness among the public.

C. Apart from commercial advertising, public service advertisement plays a vital and irreplaceable role in our society.

負面影響

A. Advertisements create stereotyped aesthetic and behavioral models that may influence people’s values early in their lives.

B. Too many advertisements are seen on TV screens and in newspapers or magazines.

C. Advertising has an overall adverse impact on children and young people. For example, children or young people often misunderstand advertising which in turn can lead to inappropriate behavior.

2.傳媒

Times have not become more violent. They have just become more televised.

The Internet is like alcohol in some sense. It accentuates what you would do anyway. If you want to be a loner, you can be more alone. If you want to connect, it makes it easier to connect.

Do you think all the news is true?

Not all the news is true. Broadsheet newspapers sometimes dig for information and twist its importance for political purposes. And news in tabloids is more sensational and contains more half-truth and biased opinions. The problem is that people everywhere confuse what they read in newspapers with news.

3.廣告

Advertising is the modern substitute for argument; its function is to make the worse appear the better.

Many a small thing has been made large by the right kind of advertising.

Advertising is a valuable economic factor because it is the cheapest way of selling goods, particularly if the goods are worthless.

　　托福考生必備素材：科技範疇類

1：工業革命

Industrial Revolution:技術改變生活方式，改變女性地位，機械替代人類勞動

2：亞里士多德 Aristotle Greek philosopher

the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought

The crystal ball model of universe

在其哲學體系裏，理論服從實地觀察和邏輯，以三段論爲基礎，基本上是理性研究的理論方法博學通才與專才的關係，人類通過最初淺的觀察描述世界，不完善的物理理論仍然被相信。

3: 哥白尼 Copernicus

Polish astronomer who advanced the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, disrupting the Ptolemaic system of astronomy。

哥白尼， 波蘭天文學家，他提出地球及其它行星繞太陽運動的日心說，推翻了托勒密的天文學理論即地心體系。

Religion power 宗教勢力

4：Bruno 布魯諾

Burned to death in Rome Square Unlimited universe

不畏懼死亡，不服從權威，堅持真理

Galileo 伽利略 be sent to prison

Gravitational acceleration

Telescope

Discovery of the satellite of Jupiter

邏輯思維，挑戰權威，爲後人鋪墊，重視實驗和想象推理的結合

5：Newton 牛頓

引力定律： Law of gravitational

受到他人思想的啓發，綜合前人思想：Hook，Galileo

微積分：Calculus 自己創立數學模型解決問題，不一定拘泥於前人，創新思想。

6：愛因斯坦

Einstein Albert 1879—1955

專利局 patent office

光電效應： Photoelectric effect

狹義相對論：Special theory of relativity

廣義相對論：General theory of relativity

The existence of Ether

挑戰前人思想，實驗基礎結合想象，科學與藝術的結合

He got his idea (inspiration) when he was playing the violin。

Criticize the quantum physics: lead to the improvement of quantum physics

批評帶來進步

7：與量子力學相關的科學家：

Rutherford，Heisenberg，bohr，Pauli，Dirac

與生活關係不大的領域仍然有重大意義，世界的本質，德國科學的發展，科學與道德Heisenberg，Harvey(synthesis ammonia gas, but devise poisonous gas in World War I)

量子力學是經典描述世界方法(波與粒子)的結合(在經典的理論上創新)

8：達爾文 Darwin

進化論：the theory of evolution

引起爭議，重視考察，帶着目的考察，有經驗才能分析現象。

Darwin and Wallace

合作與競爭，科學與道德

9：有關數據與分析的兩個天文學家：Tycho and Kepler

積累數據是第一步，理論從數據中分析而來

與之相反，現代量子理論一般是提出一個理論，然後設計實驗去證明

Ex：the discovery of neutrino(中微子)

10：DNA結構的發現：Watson and Click

不同領域間的交流與支持，基礎學科的作用，先進的儀器設備會產生新的發現

補兩句名言：

巴斯德 ( Pasteur 1822-1895)一個科學家應該想到的，不是當時人們對他的表揚或者辱罵，而是未來若干世紀中人們怎麼評價他。

The modern scientific method is usually attributed to Galileo。

現代科學方法通常被認爲是伽裏略創造的。