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獨立主格結構的基本形式和功能

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獨立主格結構是英語語法中的一個重要板塊,今天,小編爲大家收集、整理了獨立主格結構相關的語法知識,一起來看看吧!

獨立主格結構的基本形式和功能

獨立主格結構可以分爲兩部分:一部分是名詞或代詞,起邏輯主語的作用;另一部分是非謂語動詞分句(現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式)或無動詞分句(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語),表示前面名詞或代詞的動作或狀態。 

基本形式是:名詞普通格/代詞主格+現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語,with引導的複合結構。

 
1. 名詞/代詞+ 現在分詞 
現在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動進行的動作或狀態等。  
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.  
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.  
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.  
注:“獨立結構”中的being或 having been 有時可以省去,這樣就成了無動詞分句或過去分詞分句。  


2. 名詞/代詞+過去分詞  
過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動完成的動作或所處的一種狀態。  
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.  
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.  
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.  
後面兩個句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,這兩個句子就又變成了現在分詞分句。  


3. 名詞/代詞+不定式  
不定式表示的是將來的動作。  
例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.  
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.  
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(遊行) to start moving at 8 sharp.  


4. 名詞/代詞+名詞  
名詞一般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語。  
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.  
He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.  


5. 名詞/代詞+形容詞短語  
形容詞(短語)說明前面名詞或代詞的性質,狀態,原因等。  
例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.  
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorry.  
這兩個句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就變成了現在分詞分句。  


6. 名詞/代詞+副詞  
副詞說明前面名詞或代詞的狀態。  
例 The meeting over, we all went home.  
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.  
He sat at the table, head down.  


7. 名詞/代詞+介詞短語  
介詞短語說明伴隨前面名詞或代詞的方式或者狀態。  
例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm.  
The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.  
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.  


8. with引導的複合結構, 也可以認爲是一種獨立主格結構  
例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.  
The teacher came in with several students following behind.  
With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.  
With the work done, he went out to eat.  
He left the office with the lights on.  
Mary rushed out of the house with the door open. 

 

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