《經濟學人》盤點年度好書 送給愛讀書的你
在暖暖冬日的閒暇時光，靜靜地閱讀，真是再愜意不過的一件事情了。英國《經濟學人》週刊網站近日盤點了2018年度圖書，分類別推薦了今年值得一讀的好書，推薦給愛好閱讀的你。
一、歷史類
1. A history of America in 100 Maps. By Susan Schulten.
《蘊藏在100張地圖中的美國曆史》（作者：蘇珊·舒爾滕）
A collection of maps, by turns beautiful and eccentric, which charts the making of America. It shows the role of maps in exploration and conquest and proves that, while some aspects of American political geography are enduring, much in the country’s make-up has, like the banks of the Mississippi, always been in flux.
一系列美麗又奇異的地圖勾畫了美國的形成。本書展現了地圖在探索與征服過程中所發揮的作用，證明雖然美國政治地理的一些方面一成不變，但大部分構成卻如同密西西比河的河岸一樣，永遠處在不斷變化之中。
in flux：在變化的，處於不斷變化中
2. Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History. By Steven Zipperstein.
《大屠殺：基什尼奧夫和歷史的傾斜》（作者：史蒂文·齊珀施泰因）
The pogrom in Kishinev in 1903 became a byword for anti-Semitic violence for Jews everywhere. The event roused Zionists and Jew-haters alike.
1903年發生在基什尼奧夫的大屠殺成爲針對世界各地猶太人的反猶暴力活動代表事件。這起事件既引發了猶太復國主義運動，也激起了仇恨猶太人的情緒。
二、商業與經濟類
1. We the Corporations: How American Businesses Won Their Civil Rights. By Adam Winkler.
《我們這些公司：美國企業如何贏得民事權利》（作者：亞當·溫克勒）
“For most of American history”, the author comments, “the Supreme Court failed to protect the dispossessed and the marginalized, with the justices claiming to be powerless in the face of hostile public sentiment.” Meanwhile “the court has insisted that broad public sentiment favoring business regulation must bend to the demands of the constitution.” A lively survey of a neglected but important feature of American history.
作者表示：“在美國曆史上的大部分時間裏，最高法院未能保護被剝奪財產者和被邊緣化的羣體，面對充滿敵意的公衆情緒，正義顯得軟弱無力。”與此同時“法院一直堅持認爲支持商業規程的大衆情緒必須服從憲法的要求”。這本書是對美國曆史中被忽視但又很重要一面的真實調查。
dispossessed[,dɪspə'zɛst] : adj.被逐出的；無依無靠的；失去產業的
2. AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley and the New World Order. By Kai-Fu Lee.
《人工智能超級大國：中國、硅谷以及新世界秩序》（作者：李開復）
The writer anticipates the coming contest to dominate artificial intelligence. He thinks China will crush Silicon Valley because it has more data and competes more ruthlessly.
作者在書中預言了即將到來的主導人工智能領域的競爭。他認爲中國將碾壓硅谷，因爲中國擁有更多數據而且在競爭方面更加殘酷。
3. Radical Markets: Uprooting Capitalism and Democracy for a Just Society. By Eric Posner and E. Glen Weyl.
《激進的市場：爲建立公平社會而剷除資本主義與民主》（作者：埃裏克·波斯納、E·格倫·韋爾）
A law professor and an economist argue that the way out of liberalism’s impasse is to expand the role of markets, not to subdue them. Some of their ideas—on property rights, elections, immigration and much besides—are impractical, and others eccentric; but together they point to a possible response to the challenges of populism and protectionism.
身爲法律學教授及經濟學家的作者認爲，擺脫自由主義僵局的方式是擴大市場，而不是削弱市場的作用。自由主義的某些觀念，比如針對知識產權、選舉和移民等的觀點，是不切實際的，還有些觀點甚至很離譜，但在面臨民粹主義和貿易保護主義帶來的挑戰時，或許可以指出一種應對之道。
impasse [æm'pɑːs; 'æmpɑːs]: n.僵局；死路
三、傳記與回憶錄類
1. Barracoon. By Zora Neale Hurston.
《巴拉坑》（作者：佐拉·尼爾·赫斯頓）
Kossula, later called Cudjo Lewis, was one of the last Africans to be kidnapped into slavery in America. Interviewed at his home in Alabama in 1927-28, he vividly recalled his capture and illegal transportation on the eve of America’s civil war.
後來被稱作庫喬·劉易斯的科蘇拉是被拐賣到美國做奴隸的最後一批非洲人。他在1927年到1928年間在位於阿拉巴馬州的家中接受了作者採訪，生動回憶了在美國南北戰爭前夕自己被抓並被非法運往美國的經歷。
2. Napoleon: A Life. By Adam Zamoyski.
《拿破崙：一生》（作者：亞當·扎莫伊斯基）
In this superlative account, Napoleon is a mortal, with great virtues and equally great flaws, at once dazzling and gauche. “From the sublime to the ridiculous”, Napoleon himself said after his disastrous campaign in Russia, “there is but one step.”
本書生動刻畫了拿破崙作爲凡人的一面，既有偉大的優點，也有嚴重的缺陷，集光芒耀眼與不善交際於一身。拿破崙本人在攻打俄國的行動以慘敗告終後曾說：“從崇高到可笑，只有一步之遙。”
gauche [gəʊʃ]adj. :笨拙的；粗魯的；不善交際的
3. Churchill: Walking with Destiny. By Andrew Roberts.
《丘吉爾：與命運同行》（作者：安得魯·羅伯茨）
Acknowledging its subject’s flaws and sometimes catastrophic mistakes, it nevertheless makes a compelling case for his greatness, both as a statesman and a writer.
本書承認了丘吉爾存在的不足以及有時犯下的災難性錯誤，同時以令人信服的筆觸描寫了他的偉大，無論是作爲政治家還是作家而言。
四、文化類
1. The Personality Brokers. By Merve Emre.
《人格經紀人》（作者：梅爾韋·埃姆雷）
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the best-known personality test, is the focus of an entertaining cultural history of the personality-assessment industry. Its enduring popularity ought not to be surprising: after all, it offers both the “rush of self-discovery” and “the comfort of solidarity” with others of the same type.
最著名的人格測試“邁爾斯-布里格斯類型指標”在人格評估業成爲娛樂文化一部分的過程中扮演着核心角色。它經久不衰的熱度應該並不令人意外：畢竟，它可以讓人“迅速發現自我”，同時又因爲同一種類型的其他人的存在而獲得“抱團取暖的安慰”。
2. The Prodigal Tongue. By Lynne Murphy.
《英式英語與美式英語愛恨交織的關係》（作者：琳恩·墨菲）
The first and perhaps only book on the relative merits of American and British English that is dominated by facts and analysis rather than nationalistic prejudice. For all its scholarship, this is also a funny and rollicking read.
關於美式英語與英式英語相對而言的優點，這是第一本、可能也是唯一由事實和分析而不是民族主義偏見佔主導的書。儘管是學術性著作，讀來卻輕鬆有趣。
rollicking['rɑlɪkɪŋ] : adj.歡樂的；喧鬧的
3. Space Odyssey: Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke and the Making of a Masterpiece. By Michael Benson.
《太空漫遊：斯坦利·庫布裏克、阿瑟·克拉克與傑作的誕生》（作者：邁克爾·本森）
An illuminating account of a collaboration that resulted in a landmark film. The author’s scientific background helps him to explain its pathbreaking visual effects. The making of a great work of art has rarely been anatomized so thoroughly.
富有啓發意義地記述了一段協作關係，這段關係最終締造了一部具有里程碑意義的電影。作者的科學背景幫助他解讀了影片中開創性的視覺效果。偉大藝術作品的形成過程很少得到如此全面的剖析。
五、小說類
1. The Long Take. By Robin Robertson.
《長鏡頭》（作者：羅賓·羅伯遜）
The wondrous story of a Canadian veteran of the World War II who washes up in New York and then Los Angeles. Walker, the protagonist, is haunted by his experiences in combat and by memories of his youth.
關於一名加拿大籍二戰老兵漂泊到紐約、然後又到洛杉磯的奇妙故事。主人公沃克無法擺脫戰爭經歷和年輕時的回憶。
protagonist[prə'tæg(ə)nɪst]: n.主角
2. The Silence of the Girls. By Pat Barker.
《女孩們的沉默》（作者：帕特·巴克）
The “Iliad” reimagined from the perspective of Briseis, the captured slave-girl who is the cause of the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon—and in the original is almost silent.
從被抓獲的奴隸女孩布麗塞絲的角度重新構思《伊利亞特》，她成爲阿喀琉斯與阿伽門農爭吵的原因——而在原作中，她基本上沉默不語。
3. Milkman. By Anna Burns.
《送奶人》（作者：安娜·伯恩斯）
The winner of this year’s Man Booker prize is set during the Troubles in Northern Ireland in an unnamed city that looks like Belfast. A haunting depiction of the impact of violence on ordinary lives.
這是2018年的布克獎獲獎書籍，以北愛爾蘭動盪時期爲背景，故事的發生地點是一座看起來像貝爾法斯特的無名城市。本書描寫了暴力對普通人的生活所產生的影響，讓人難以忘記。
六、科技類
1. Beyond Weird. By Philip Ball.
《怪誕之外》（作者：菲利普·巴爾）
Wearing deep learning lightly, this author explains quantum mechanics simply and thoughtfully, revealing the theory’s true power as a way of knowing what can be said about nature.
本書作者舉重若輕，簡練而有創見地闡釋了量子力學，揭示了該理論作爲了解自然界的一種方式所具有的真實力量。
2. Rocket Men. By Robert Kurson.
《火箭人》（作者：羅伯特·古爾鬆）
A gripping account of Apollo 8, the first manned space flight around the Moon. The story of the dangerous mission that laid the ground for the Moon landing has not been told in such detail until now.
扣人心絃地講述了關於首次載人繞月飛行的“阿波羅8號”的故事。這次危險的任務爲登月打下了基礎，在此之前，從來沒有哪一本書如此細緻地講述這段往事。
3. Nine Pints: A Journey Through the Money, Medicine and Mysteries of Blood. By Rose George.
《九品脫》（作者 羅絲·喬治）
This history of blood takes its name from the quantity in a human body. The author visits high-tech facilities, a South African slum and Nepalese villages to convey what is known and what remains mysterious about the liquid.
這本系統闡述血液的書是根據人體內血液的數量命名的。作者探訪了高科技場所、南非的一處貧民窟以及尼泊爾的村莊，爲的是告訴讀者有關這種液體的衆所周知以及依然神祕的知識。
