聯合國&世衛組織：大流行病是人類破壞自然的結果

寨卡病毒、非典、埃博拉病毒、新冠病毒……是什麼導致近年來大流行病頻發呢？聯合國、世界衛生組織和世界自然基金會指出，這都是人類破壞自然的結果，如果不保護自然，未來還會暴發更致命的大流行病。

Pandemics such as coronavirus are the result of humanity’s destruction of nature, according to leaders at the UN, WHO and WWF International, and the world has been ignoring this stark reality for decades.
聯合國、世界衛生組織和世界自然基金會的領導人指出，新冠肺炎等大流行病是人類破壞自然的結果，而幾十年來全世界一直在無視這個赤裸裸的現實。

The illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade as well as the devastation of forests and other wild places were still the driving forces behind the increasing number of diseases leaping from wildlife to humans, the leaders told the Guardian.
他們告訴《衛報》說，非法的不可持續的野生動物貿易以及對森林和其他野生地帶的破壞依然是野生動物傳播給人類的疾病日益增多的背後驅動力。

They are calling for a green and healthy recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, in particular by reforming destructive farming and unsustainable diets.
他們呼籲用綠色健康的方式從新冠疫情中恢復，尤其是改革破壞性的農業開發和不可持續的飲食方式。

A WWF report published on Wednesday, warns: “The risk of a new [wildlife-to-human] disease emerging in the future is higher than ever, with the potential to wreak havoc on health, economies and global security.”
本週三（6月17日）發佈的一份世界自然基金會報告警告稱：“未來出現（野生動物傳播給人類的）新型疾病的風險比以往都更高，可能會對健康、經濟和全球安全造成嚴重破壞。”

High-level figures have issued a series of warnings since March, with the world’s leading biodiversity experts saying even more deadly disease outbreaks are likely in future unless the rampant destruction of the natural world is rapidly halted.
自從三月以來，高層人士已經發出一系列警告，世界頂級生物多樣性專家表示，未來可能暴發更致命的疫情，除非對自然界的大肆破壞迅速停止。

Earlier in June, the UN environment chief and a leading economist said Covid-19 was an “SOS signal for the human enterprise” and that current economic thinking did not recognise that human wealth depends on nature’s health.
六月上旬，聯合國環境署署長、首席經濟學家指出，新冠肺炎是“對人類事業發出的求救信號”，當下的經濟思維沒有意識到人類的財富依賴於自然的健康。

“We have seen many diseases emerge over the years, such as Zika, Aids, Sars and Ebola and they all originated from animal populations under conditions of severe environmental pressures,” said Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, head of the UN convention on biological diversity, Maria Neira, the World Health Organization director for environment and health, and Marco Lambertini, head of WWF International, in the Guardian article.
聯合國《生物多樣性公約》代理執行祕書伊麗莎白·瑪如瑪·莫勒瑪、世界衛生組織環境與衛生部主任瑪麗亞·奈拉、世界自然基金會總幹事馬可·蘭博蒂尼告訴《衛報》說：“這些年我們已經見過很多疾病的出現，比如艾滋病、非典，還有寨卡病毒和埃博拉病毒引發的疾病，這些病毒都是在嚴重的環境壓力下來自動物羣體。”

With coronavirus, “these outbreaks are manifestations of our dangerously unbalanced relationship with nature”, they said. “They all illustrate that our own destructive behaviour towards nature is endangering our own health – a stark reality we’ve been collectively ignoring for decades.
他們指出，新冠病毒的“暴發展現出我們與自然嚴重失衡的關係”。“這些疾病都表明了我們自己對自然的破壞性行爲正在危及我們的自身健康——幾十年來我們一直在集體無視這個赤裸裸的事實。”

“Worryingly, while Covid-19 has given us yet another reason to protect and preserve nature, we have seen the reverse take place. From the Greater Mekong, to the Amazon and Madagascar, alarming reports have emerged of increased poaching, illegal logging and forest fires, while many countries are engaging in hasty environmental rollbacks and cuts in funding for conservation. This all comes at a time when we need it most.
“令人擔憂的是，儘管新冠病毒又給了我們一個保護自然的理由，但我們卻看到人們在背道而馳。從大湄公河到亞馬孫雨林和馬達加斯加，越來越多的偷獵、非法砍伐和森林火災見諸報端，而許多國家正倉促地採取倒退的環境政策，削減保護自然的資金。這些都發生在我們最需要保護自然的時候。”

rollback[ˈroʊlbæk]: n. 捲回；反轉；（物價、利率等的）回降

“We must embrace a just, healthy and green recovery and kickstart a wider transformation towards a model that values nature as the foundation for a healthy society. Not doing so, and instead attempting to save money by neglecting environmental protection, health systems, and social safety nets, has already proven to be a false economy. The bill will be paid many times over.”
“我們必須接受一個公正、健康和綠色的恢復過程，啓動更大範圍的改革行動，建立一個將自然奉爲健康社會的基礎的模式。不這麼做，而是試圖爲了省錢而忽視自然保護、衛生系統和社會安全網，已經被證明是錯誤的經濟方式。這筆賬將來要數倍償還。”

The WWF report concludes the key drivers for diseases that move from wild animals to humans are the destruction of nature, the intensification of agriculture and livestock production, as well as the trading and consumption of high-risk wildlife.
世界自然基金會的報告總結道，從野生動物傳給人類的疾病的關鍵驅動因素就是對自然的破壞、農業和畜牧業的集約化生產，以及高風險野生動物的貿易和消費。

The report urges all governments to introduce and enforce laws to eliminate the destruction of nature from supply chains of goods and on the public to make their diets more sustainable.
該報告敦促所有政府引進和實施法規來消除對自然的破壞，從商品供應鏈到更可持續化的大衆飲食方式。

Beef, palm oil and soy are among the commodities frequently linked to deforestation and scientists have said avoiding meat and dairy products is the single biggest way for people to reduce their environmental impact on the planet.
牛肉、棕櫚油和大豆是與森林砍伐高度相關的商品。科學家指出，少吃肉和奶製品是人們減少對地球的環境影響的最主要方法。

The WWF report said 60-70% of the new diseases that have emerged in humans since 1990 came from wildlife. Over the same period, 178m hectares of forest have been cleared, equivalent to more than seven times the area of the UK.
世界自然基金會的報告稱，自從1990年以來，人類出現的新型疾病有60%到70%都來自野生動物。在同一時期內，1.78億公頃森林被砍伐，相當於英國國土面積的7倍多。