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車價下跌 反壟斷調查伸向汽車行業

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More than 1,000 Chinese and overseas companies in the auto industry, including manufacturers, suppliers and dealers, are involved in anti-monopoly investigations, according to an official at China's top economic planning body.
中國最高經濟規劃機構的一名官員稱,汽車行業裏已有上千家中國和海外公司的製造商、供應商以及經銷商捲入這次反壟斷的調查當中。

Antitrust investigations already announced in the auto and telecommunications sectors have spread to other industries, say sources close to the probes.
另據可靠消息稱,反壟斷調查除在已宣佈的汽車和電信行業裏展開之外,還在向其他行業擴展。

For example, a large number of cement and medical companies are also involved in the investigations, according to sources.
例如多家水泥和醫藥公司也在被調查的行列中。

車價下跌 反壟斷調查伸向汽車行業

Besides recent high-profile cases, antitrust investigations into domestic companies are also underway and a monopoly case involving a State-owned company will be disclosed soon, an official at the National Development and Reform Commission, who declined to be identified, told China Daily.
國家發展和改革委員會(下簡稱發改委)一名不願透露姓名的官員告訴記者,除了近期幾個高調的案件之外,反壟斷部門對國內公司的調查也一直在進行中,最近還會公佈一家國有公司的壟斷案件。

The latest auto company involved is US manufacturer General Motors, which said on Tuesday its passenger vehicle joint venture in China was contacted by the commission after at least seven foreign carmakers cut prices amid the antitrust investigations.
最近剛被捲入調查的美國汽車製造商通用公司,稱在被反壟斷部門調查的至少7家外國汽車製造商下調價格之後,發改委也聯絡了他們在華的汽車合資公司。

BMW, Volkswagen's Audi, Daimler's Mercedes-Benz, Tata Motors' Jaguar Land Rover, Fiat's Chrysler, and Toyota and Honda have all announced price cuts for vehicles or spare parts in July and early August.
寶馬,大衆公司的奧迪,戴姆勒公司的梅賽德斯-奔馳,塔塔公司的捷豹和路虎,菲亞特公司的克萊斯勒,以及豐田和本田等都在7月份和8月初宣佈降低其汽車和配件的價格。

FAW-Volkswagen's Audi division may face a fine of 1.8 billion yuan ($292 million) for operating a monopoly, The Economic Observer reported on its website on Tuesday, quoting an unnamed Audi dealer.
週二《經濟觀察報》在其網站上報道了從一位匿名的奧迪經銷商得到的消息:一汽大衆的奧迪分公司有可能因爲壟斷經營而面臨18億人民幣(約合2億9千2百萬美元)的罰款。

The report said the punishment is equivalent to 1 percent of the company's sales in 2013, which is the minimum level as the Anti-Monopoly Law states that violators can be fined between 1 and 10 percent of their sales revenue for the previous year. China Daily could not independently confirm the report.
報道還稱,罰款數額相當於該公司2013年1%的銷售額,處罰程度屬於最小,因爲根據反壟斷法的規定,對違法者的罰款數額可以是其前一年銷售額的1%-10%。此報道的真實性如何中國日報無法證實

Recent high-profile antitrust cases have sparked rising concerns over China's monopoly efforts, with some foreign businesses complaining that they are being targeted unfairly.
最近這幾例高調的案件引發了大家對於中國反壟斷成果的擔憂,有一些外國企業抱怨這不公平,並認爲這些舉動是在針對自己。

The commission official said the investigations, some of which began in 2011, are not aimed at any specific type of industry or a specific country.
而發改委的一名官員表示,最早開始於2011年的這次反壟斷調查並沒有針對任何特定的行業或特定的國家。

"Investigations in many industries started with domestic companies and then spread to foreign companies," he said. He said investigations into State-owned or domestically owned private enterprises are also underway and a monopoly case involving a Stated-owned company will be disclosed soon. He would not disclose the sector the State-owned company is in, saying only that it is not the auto industry.
“對於很多行業的調查都是先從國內公司開始,然後才擴展到外國公司的。”這名官員還說,對國有企業以及國內私有企業的調查一直都在進行中,最近就會公開一例涉及國有企業的壟斷案件。對於該國有企業屬於哪個行業,他沒有透露,只表示不是汽車行業。

The official said many domestic automakers are under scrutiny, but the problem here is not as obvious as that involving their international peers, partly due to their small market share.
這位官員還稱,國內的汽車製造商雖然受到了審查,但其中的問題在他們的國際同盟中表現得更加明顯,部分是因爲國內廠商佔有的市場份額較小。Domestic-brand automakers accounted for less than 20 percent of China's auto sales in the first half of this year, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers says.
根據中國汽車工業協會提供的數字,今年上半年,國內品牌的汽車製造商在國內汽車銷售額中只佔不到20%。

The official said, "Our goal (with antitrust probes) is to ensure that Chinese consumers can enjoy high-quality auto and component services with prices as fair as in other markets."
這名官員表示:“我們進行反壟斷調查的目的就是爲了確保中國消費者能夠和其他市場上的消費者一樣,用同樣的價格買到同樣高質量的汽車、享受同等的服務。”

He said the Chinese government aims to establish an environment in which enterprises can compete on an equal footing.
他說中國政府致力於建立一個可以使各企業公平競爭的大環境。

Jessica Su, antitrust scholar and Institute of American Studies associate professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the commission has strong evidence and a legal base to continue its investigations.
中國社會科學院美國研究所研究反壟斷法的副教授傑西卡·蘇稱發改委有充足的證據和法律依據繼續進行調查。

In the new-car and after-sales markets, the conduct of international automakers may have infringed the antitrust law, including price-fixing, territorial restrictions and customer restrictions , Su said.
蘇教授說,在新車出售及售後市場上,國際汽車製造商的一些行爲,比如價格操縱、地域限制、顧客限制等,都可能已經違反了反壟斷法。

In the after-sales car market, suspected conduct includes exclusive supply, exclusive purchase and excessive pricing of replacement parts, as well as restrictions on the supply of technical information needed for repair and maintenance, she said.
蘇教授指出,在汽車售後市場上,可能涉嫌違法的行爲包括獨家供貨、獨家採購、更換零件價格過高以及對修理、保養所需提供的技術信息進行限制等。

"Such behavior mainly comes from car manufacturers suspected of substantially impeding competition and harming consumer welfare," Su said. "If similar conduct occurred in the United States, European Union, Japan, South Korea and other mature market economies, it would doubtless trigger antitrust investigations," she said. “
這些行爲主要出自那些涉嫌妨礙正當競爭、損害消費者權益的汽車製造商。”蘇教授說,“同樣的行爲如果發生在美國、歐盟、日本、韓國等其他一些較爲成熟的市場條件下,毫無疑問會引發反壟斷調查。”

The Anti Monopoly Law allows enterprises to claim efficiencies and other reasons to justify otherwise unlawful conduct, added Su.
蘇教授還補充道,反壟斷法允許企業提出合理的理由來對違法行爲作出解釋。

Robin Bew, managing director of the Economist Intelligence Unit, said antitrust in China is a big issue that requires fairness and transparency.
經濟學人信息部的總監羅賓說,在中國反壟斷是一個對公平性和透明性要求很高的大問題。

"Big Western businesses are looking at what is happening in China and questioning whether the law is being applied evenly. That is always a worry for companies," Bew said. "The areas where China needs foreign investment to bring in new know-how are sectors like education, healthcare and services," he added.

西方的大企業都在關注着中國發生的事情,也在質疑法律實施的公平性。這些都是讓公司擔憂的問題。”羅賓還補充道,“中國需要引進外國投資的新技術領域包括教育、衛生保健和服務等。”

But Bew thinks that China will remain attractive for foreign investors. "The China market is so big and it will be very difficult for any company to say that it won't be here in China. Most companies are now profitable in China and it is an important part of their revenue story worldwide, so they won't leave."
但是羅賓認爲中國對於外國投資者仍是非常有吸引力的。“中國是個很大的市場,很難有哪個公司會說不需要到中國市場發展。目前大多數公司在中國市場上都有利可圖,且獲得的利潤在其全球範圍內的盈利中佔很大一部分,所以他們不會離開。”