世界头号毒枭藏身洪都拉斯?

Ever since escaping from a high-security Mexican prison 12 years ago, Joaquín ‘El Chapo’ Guzmán has become one of the most elusive criminals in modern times. His ability to avoid capture, despite billions of dollars spent on finding him by U.S. and Mexican law-enforcement, has led to much speculation about where he is hiding or whether he is even still in Mexico. The most recent speculation came from Roberto Funes, the Vice Minister of Defense of Honduras.

自从12年前，绰号“矮子（El Chapo）”的乔奎因·古兹曼（Joaquín ‘El Chapo’ Guzmán）从墨西哥戒备森严的监狱越狱之后，他已经成为当代最狡猾的罪犯之一。虽然美国和墨西哥执法机构在追捕他的过程中已经花掉数十亿美元，但他一直躲避追捕至今，引发诸多有关他的藏身之处或者他是否依然在墨西哥境内的猜测。而最新的一种猜测则来自于洪都拉斯国防部副部长罗伯托·富内斯（Roberto Funes）。

In an interview with the Spanish newspaper El Mundo, Funes said that Guzmán, the leader of the powerful Sinaloa Cartel, “could be in Honduras.” According to Funes, the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal organization responsible for an estimated 25% of all illegal drugs that enter the U.S. via Mexico, also controls the flow of drugs in Honduras.

富内斯在接受西班牙《世界报》（El Mundo）采访时表示，锡那罗亚贩毒集团（Sinaloa Cartel）首脑古兹曼可能躲在洪都拉斯。据富内斯称，锡那罗亚贩毒集团掌控着洪都拉斯的毒品流动。而在从墨西哥流入美国的非法毒品中，大约25%在该犯罪组织的操控之下。

Honduran traffickers, said Funes, “are the offspring of the Mexican Cartels.” There are between 180 and 200 clandestine air strips in Honduras, a nation which, according to the UN Office of Drug Crime, has the highest rate of homicides in the world. “There are air strips one kilometer long, but recently we found one which was 2.5 kilometers long. The cartels are preparing to bring in bigger planes, ” Funes told El Mundo.

富内斯说，洪都拉斯的毒贩们“从墨西哥贩毒集团衍生而来”。在这个全球谋杀率最高的国家（数据来源：据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室），存在着180到200条秘密机场跑道。富内斯告诉《世界报》说，“有些跑道长1公里，但近期我们发现的一条跑道有2.5公里长。这些贩毒集团正准备引进更大型的飞机。”

DEA spokesperson Rusty Payne declined to comment on El Chapo’s whereabouts or speculation.

美国缉毒局（DEA）发言人鲁斯特·佩恩尼（Rusty Payne）拒绝对“矮子”的下落或者猜测作出评论。

Eric Olson, an expert on the Mexican cartels and Central America at the Woodrow Wilson Center, said that “it’s certainly possible that El Chapo is in Honduras. Borders are porous, law enforcement weak, and criminal networks control both territories and parts of the government including municipalities and sectors of federal law enforcement.”

埃里克·奥尔逊（Eric Olson）是伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心（Woodrow Wilson Center）研究墨西哥贩毒集团和中美洲的专家，他说，“‘矮子’藏身洪都拉斯是绝对有可能的。边界驻守不严、执法薄弱，犯罪网络除了自己的领地，还控制着一些政府部门，包括市政府和联邦执法机构中的一些部门。”

That said, Olson told me by email, “I have no specific information that he is in Honduras.” He said that the last information he saw from a court case in Chicago involving the son of one of Guzmán’s top lieutenants, “is that El Chapo is still in his mountaintop hideout in Mexico.”

话虽如此，但奥尔逊还是通过邮件告知，“我并没有得到具体消息说他在洪都拉斯。”他说，他上一次看到有关“矮子”下落的消息，还是在芝加哥一宗牵涉古兹曼一名高级部下之子案件中，当时的案卷显示“矮子”在墨西哥一个山顶藏身。

Olson observed that the DEA has much more freedom to operate and maneuver in Honduras than in Mexico. But, he cautioned, “this does not mean that DEA does not have an important presence in Mexico, it simply means it has more latitude in Honduras. Does this mean that the DEA would know if he is in Honduras? Maybe, but it’s not a guarantee.”

奥尔逊指出，相比在墨西哥，DEA在洪都拉斯采取行动要自由得多。然而，他提醒说，“这并不意味着DEA在墨西哥没有什么部署，它仅仅意味着它在洪都拉斯可以展开更加自由的行动。这是否意味着，如果‘矮子’真在洪都拉斯，那DEA就会知道？也许吧，但并不能保证。”

The Funes statement came as a surprise. There are no other indications that Guzmán has slipped out of Mexico. In fact, he is still believed to be hiding in the mountains of his native state, Sinaloa, or neighboring Durango, where he is reported to have local police officers, mayors and even the state governor on his payroll. Official corruption is the key factor that keeps him free. He owes his 2001 escape to bribes that he paid to prison and law-enforcement authorities.

富内斯此次的声明令人感到意外。目前没有其他迹象显示古兹曼已经顺利逃出墨西哥。事实上，人们相信他仍然藏身于他的出生地墨西哥锡那罗亚州的山区；或者邻州杜兰戈——据信他已经收买了那里的地方警察、市长和甚至该州州长。官员腐败是他得以逍遥法外的关键因素。他在2001年之所以越狱成功，也是因为他贿赂了监狱和执法机关。

The possibility of having flown out of Mexico, however, has a precedent. In 1993, El Chapo was arrested in Guatemala and extradited to Mexico, where he was indicted and jailed on drug charges and murder. Back then, Guatemala, which borders Honduras, was his country of choice for escaping.

然而，飞离墨西哥的可能性已经有先例可循。1993年，“矮子”曾在危地马拉被捕，之后被引渡到墨西哥，在那里，他被控贩卖毒品和谋杀，并被判入狱。当时，与洪都拉斯接壤的危地马拉成为他逃亡的首选国家。

Since 2009, El Chapo has been included in Forbes’ World’s Most Powerful People list. This year he ranked 67th out of 72. Although Guzmán was dropped off the 2013 Forbes World’s billionaire list, U.S. authorities believe his drug crime empire is still laundering tens of millions of dollars annually. The U.S. government is offering a $5 million reward for information leading to his arrest.

从2009年至今，“矮子”一直跻身福布斯全球最具权势人物榜。今年，他在72名上榜人物中排名第67位。虽然古兹曼未能登上2013福布斯全球亿万富豪榜，但是美国当局相信，他的毒品犯罪帝国每年洗黑钱的数额高达数千万美元。美国政府悬赏500万美元征集此人下落，以求缉拿他归案。