美大學規定上課説錯話或掛科

Professors at a US university have told students that they risk failing their assignments and even their semester if they use offensive or hateful language in class or submissions.

美國一所大學的教授告知學生，如果有人在課堂上或提交的作業中使用了冒犯性或仇視性的話語，他將承擔課後作業甚至整個學期掛科的風險。

Two programmes taught at Washington State University have set out clear restrictions upon the language students can use, banning terms such as "The Man", "Coloured People" and "Illegals/Illegal Aliens".

華盛頓州立大學教授的兩門課程對於學生們的語言使用進行了明晰限定，禁止學生使用“白人”“有色人種”以及“非法移民”等字眼。

The terms have been forbidden by certain professors on the basis that they are "oppressive and hateful", according to one of the syllabuses reported by Campus Reform.

Campus Reform報道中提到的一項教學大綱指出，上述表達之所以被某些教授禁用，是基於其具有“壓迫性和仇視性”。

The "Course Notes and Policies" of the university's "Women & Popular Culture" course taught by Professor Selena Lester Breikss specifies that “Gross generalisations, stereotypes, and derogatory/oppressive language are not acceptable".

華盛頓州立大學的“女性與流行文化（Women & Popular Culture）”課程由薩琳娜·萊斯特·布雷克斯（Selena Lester Breikss）教授，該課程的《課程備忘與要求》明確規定：“禁止一概而論的、刻板印象式的、貶損的以及壓迫性的語言。”

"Use of racist, sexist, homophobic, transphobic, xenophobic, classist, or generally offensive language in class or submission of such material will not be tolerated," it adds.

要求還包括：“禁止在課堂上使用種族歧視、性別歧視、恐同、恐跨性別、恐外、階級歧視的或通常被認為是冒犯性的語言，提交的作業中出現類似內容同樣零容忍。”

Breikss also bans the use of the words "male and female" in the course.

布雷克斯還禁止在課程上使用“男性和女性”字眼。

A further course entitled "Introduction to Comparative Ethics Studies" taught by Professor Rebecca Fowler also states that the use of "inappropriate terminology" will impact on students' grades, "with the deduction of one point per incident".

另一門名為“比較倫理學研究導論（Introduction to Comparative Ethics Studies）”的課程，由麗貝卡·富勒（Rebecca Fowler）教授，她提出使用“不恰當的詞彙”將影響學生的成績，“該狀況每出現一次扣一分”。

Terms included in the language sanctions include "coloured", "the white man" and "illegals".

被禁的字眼包括：“有色的”“白人”和“非法移民”。

Fowler cites the Associated Press style guide saying: "The Stylebook no longer sanctions the term 'illegal immigrant' or the use of 'illegal' to describe a person … 'illegal' should describe only an action."

富勒援引美聯社（the Associated Press）風格指南的內容稱：“（美聯社）《寫作規範》（ Stylebook）不再認可“illegal immigrant（非法移民）”的説法，也不允許使用illegal（非法的）形容一個人…“非法的”只能用來描述一種行為。

Professor Fowler told Campus Reform that the term "illegal alien" has saturated dominant discourses to the extent that society “associates ALL unauthorized border crossings with those immigrants originating from countries south of our border."

富勒教授告訴Campus Reform，強勢話語中充斥着“非法入境者（illegal alien）”這一術語，以致社會“將所有未經許可跨越邊境的人與那些來自我國邊境以南的移民者混為一談。”

Washington State University's call against inappropriate terms follows a decision by both the University of California and the University of Tennessee to encourage students to use gender-neutral pronouns for transgender and queer-identifying students.

華盛頓州立大學呼籲反對“不恰當言語”的號召呼應了加利福利亞大學（the University of California）和田納西大學（the University of Tennessee）的決定。這兩所學校鼓勵學生們使用中性代詞指代跨性別和同性戀學生。

Tutors have been requested to consider asking students which pronouns they wish to be addressed by, warning against assuming gender-binary pronouns "he" and "she".

導師們也被要求考慮徵詢學生，他們希望別人用哪個代詞指稱自己。而性別二元對立式的代詞如“他”和“她”，應慎用。