【備戰年職稱英語考試】重點語法精講(1)
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關係。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
被動語態考點聚焦
(一)被動語態的概念:
不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態。強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(by短語有時可以省略)。
(二)被動語態的構成方式:
be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。
(三)被動語態的基本用法:
(1)使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題。
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主動變被動時,賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情態動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態,只需將它們後面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞。
⑤當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:(A)謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補。(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在後面,用主語從句來表示。如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know Paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
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