Conditionals 條件從句2

Third conditionals and mixed conditionals  第三條件句和混合條件句

Conditionals are sentences with two clauses – an ‘if clause and a main clause – that are closely related. Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.
條件從句是一個句子裡有兩個從句—“一個if 從句和一個主句”—兩個句子連在你一起。條件從句經常被分為各類。

Third conditional 第三條件句
Third conditional sentences describe the past. They describe something that didn’t happen. 第三條件句是描述過去的句子，它們描述以前沒有發生的事情。
   • If I’d studied harder at school I would have gone to university.
He didn’t study very hard and he didn’t go to university.

   • We wouldn’t have got lost if you hadn’t given me the wrong directions.
She wasn't given the correct directions and she didn't find her way.

   • She might have finished the exam if she’d had more time.
She didn't finish the exam and she didn't have more time.

In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually if + past perfect and would + perfect infinitive (e.g. have done). It’s not important which clause comes first.
其句型結構經常是 if +過去完成時 和 would +一般現在完成時。哪個條件先出現不重要。

Notice that other modal verbs can be used instead of ‘would’ (e.g. ‘could’, ‘might’ ‘may’)
注意情態動詞可以用其他代替。

Mixed conditionals  混合條件句

In mixed conditional sentences the time in the ‘if’ clause is not the same as the time in the main clause. There can be various combinations. 在混合條件句裡，在if從句裡面的時間跟在主句裡的時間是不一樣的。這可以是很多種的不同的句子組合。
   • If he’d gone to university he might have a better job.

He didn’t go to university (past)
He doesn’t have a very good job. (present)
This sentence shows the present consequences of a past action.

   • If I’d won the competition I’d be going to Florida next week.She didn’t win the competition (past)

She isn’t going to Florida (future)
This sentence shows the future consequences of a past action.

   • If he didn’t have to work tomorrow he wouldn’t be so miserable today.

He has to work tomorrow (future)
He’s miserable. (present)
This sentence shows the present consequence of a future event.