英語主語有哪些

英語中可以充當主語的成分有：名詞，代詞，名詞化了的動詞，形容詞，分詞，副詞或數詞等，動詞不定式或不定式短語， 從句，以及某些固定詞組。

作主語的詞：名詞，代詞，名詞化了的動詞，形容詞，分詞，副詞或數詞等，動詞不定式或不定式短語， 從句，某些固定詞組。
名詞作主語
例：The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.
　　直到河裏的魚死了，村民們才意識到污染的嚴重性
S（subject主語）+ V（verb謂語動詞） +O（object賓語）. 主系表結構 :S（subject主語）+V（verb謂語動詞，也稱爲系動詞，就是所說的“系”）
倒裝：Not until the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
注意：倒裝在主句，從句不倒裝 /did 和not 提前，只剩動詞原形
強調：It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.
如果強調的是主語或賓語且指人用who，其他一律用that。是that，而非其他/主句的順序（倒裝不強調，強調就不倒裝）
人稱代詞（主格），名詞性代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，such（----樣的人、物），it（時間，天氣，距離等）
at midnight /in the(泛指）middle of the night
例：It is 9 o'clock when I went home.
我回家的時候已經九點了
一般句：It was nine when I got home.
強調句：It was at nine that I got home.
原形：I got home at nine.
注意：作主語在句首/it作主語構成（常用 v-ing，不常用只有 use，good）
　　（1）It is +adj. +of sb.(人的屬性）/for sb.（物的屬性）to do
　　例：It is necessary to finish the design before National day. Tomorrow is National day.
　　有必要在國慶節之前完成設計。明天是國慶日
　　（2）it is +n.+for/of sb. to do
　　例：It is not good manners for Arabs to stand close talking to their friends.
　　對阿拉伯人來說，和他們的朋友說話離得近不是一個好習慣
　　It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party.
　　被邀請參加聚會是我們極大的榮幸
在感嘆句中必須用it作形式主語：What a joy/ pleasure (it is) to read the book.
在問句中必須用形式主語：Is it possible to go to the moon by spaceship?：可以乘宇宙飛船去月球嗎？
數詞作主語
Ten out of 100 Americans are over /above /more than 65.
動名詞作主語
一般 / 完成時
v-ing: 主動/doing/having done
not doing:被動/being done/having been done
注意：doing 無時間限定/與謂語同時出現/在謂語動詞後發生having done發生在謂語之前
He still remembers being prized.
當邏輯主語爲無生命的東西時
1.作主語時，通常表示一般性的無時間性的東西。而不定式表示某一種具體的動作。
Smoking is habit difficult to break：抽菸的習慣很難打破的
2.主語和表語一致
Seeing is believing：眼見爲實
3.邏輯主語必須是所有格形式
The old man's taking pity on the snake leads to his death.那個老人憐憫那條蛇，導致他的死亡。
4.“it” 作形式主語：當表語爲 no use，no good，no harm，any good，fun等名詞或useless，nice，good，interesting，worthwhile等形容詞時，句首常用it作形式主語，動名詞後置。句型常用於說明“某種活動或某件事情如何”
不定式作主語
To +動詞原形
Not to do 解釋：具有動詞的性質，作賓語，狀語/具有名詞的性質，作主語/具有形容詞性質，作定語/具有副詞的性質，作狀語。除謂語不可作之外，其他都可。
一般式：to do
進行時：to be doing
完成時：to have done
完成進行時：to have been doing
to do:表示動作發生在謂語之後，I want to go home.與謂語動詞幾乎同時發生
to be doing :表示與謂語動詞同時發生
to have done:發生在謂語動詞之前 Someone was considered to have done something.
to have been doing :動作從過去開始一直持續到謂語動詞這個動作的發生
不定式表示一種確定的動作
To do morning exercises this morning is not good for your health：今天早上去做早操對你的健康不好
名詞化的形容詞：the poor /the sick
名詞化的過去分詞：the disabled
名詞化的介詞短語：From my home to school is three kilometers：從我家到學校有三公里
副詞----不定式或動名詞
What an excitement to find a shark when you’re swimming in the sea.
當你在大海中游泳時，發現鯊魚是多麼興奮的事
句子作主語
〔1）that引導的從句，無意義，不擔當句子成分，不省略
　　a. It +v+ that從句
　　b. It +系動詞+表語+that 從句
　　c. It is strange that he didn't come here yesterday：奇怪的是，昨天他沒來這裏
　　當形容詞爲important necessary strange /that should +動詞原形
　　It is strange that he should （表示吃驚）pass the exam：奇怪的是，他可以通過考試
〔2）It is +n +that 從句
　　What a pity it is that you didn't come to this party：真遺憾你沒來這個聚會
　　當名詞爲a pity/a shame /a surprise +should +v原形（表示竟然）
　　What a pity that she should be fail in exam：真遺憾，她竟然考試不及格
〔3） It is +過去分詞+that 從句
　　It is reported that a car accident happened there：據報道，發生一場車禍
　　從句s +be v-ed + inf.
　　He is said to be studying in the USA：據說他在美國學習
　　有人建議suggest/order/request + 從句 should +動詞原形
〔4） It +動詞原形seem/appear /turn out/+that
　　It seems that it will rain：看來要下雨
　　〔1 〕It strikes sb. that 從句 ：表示“某人突然想…”
　　It occurs to sb. that從句：表示“某人發生了…”
　　〔2〕 爲強調從句意義，that從句常放在句首
　　例：That he will come here is of great help：他來這兒是很有幫助的
　　That you failed the exam will…：你考試失敗了會…
　　--What made his father so angry? ：什麼使他父親很生氣？
　　--That he failed the exam. 或He fails the exam：他考試不及格
c.在問句中必須有形式主語
It is true that Bush will visit China again?
Whether /if是否不擔當句子成分，也不省略
A.句首隻用whether
Whether he will come to the meeting is unknown yet.
B.句末形式主語都可用 It ----whether/if
It is of no/little important whether/if it will rain today.
c.在有些句型中，從句不在前 It doesn't matter whether ----
It doesn't matter whether it is new/it will rain tomorrow.
〔3) 連接代詞 who /whom/whose/what/which/擔當從句成分，有意義，不省略
A. what +sb. + clause
What we will do next is not decided.
B. what+修飾詞 意爲什麼樣的……
What color you like is none of my business.
C. what ……人，……事，……物
What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present.
注意：what前是否有先行詞/與that 之間的區別
That he said it at the meeting surprised everyone present.
What 與which 的區別
Which/what you want---若給定範圍用which，沒有用what。
What ---be that---強調句的一種（強調後者）：
What I need most is that someone helps me.
另外，what引導的從句作主語時，大多數情況下視爲第三人稱單數：
What we need is time.
What you said yesterday is right.
但也有例外，如What we need are good doctors.
注意：當what引導的名詞性從句作主語時，主謂一致問題極爲複雜。著名學者周海中教授在論文《關於what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題》中就這一問題做了深入研究，並給出了10種的主謂一致關係。這些一致關係值得英語學習者和使用者特別注意。
There be +what clause
There was we call People's Republic of China in Chinese history.
What +比較級what more /what worse
what引導從句作狀語修飾全句的內容。在句首或句中，很少在句尾
Which +n (single)
Whose +n(只用此）
Whose father is a doctor is no sense.
It從句作形式主語（what……人或物時，不用it）
〔4）連接副詞when/whose/how/why擔當句子成分，有意義，不省略
How the accident happened puzzled everyone.句尾用形式主語it
〔5) 引導主語從句
whoever/whosever/whatever/whichever/Anywhere/anything that /everyone that/whoever=anyone whom/anything that (泛指)/anything what (特指)
Whoever 指人從意義判斷
Who 引導指事
Since the introduction of reform, China has made earth shaking changes.自從改革以來，中國發生了翻天覆地的變化。