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The Joy of Awards: Toni Morrison

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託妮·莫里森是當代傑出的黑人女性作家,她的主要成就就在於她別具一格的長篇小說。莫里森的長篇小說標誌着20世紀美國黑人文學史上繼賴特,艾里森之後的又一座高峯。作爲一名黑人作家,莫里森一直致力於保護,維持和弘揚黑人文化。1993年莫里森憑藉其長篇小說《秀拉》獲得諾貝爾文學獎。其獲獎理由爲:“Who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.”下面是莫里森獲得諾貝爾獎演說中的一部分:

The Joy of Awards: Toni Morrison

I entered this hall pleasantly haunted by those who have entered it before me. That company of Laureates is both daunting and welcoming, for among its lists are names of persons whose work has made whole world available to me. The sweep and the specificity of their art have sometimes broken my heart with the courage and clarity of its vision.

我高興地走進這座大廳,想着那些在我之前走進來的人們。有那些卓越的人爲伴,我既心感畏懼又充滿喜悅。因爲在那個行列中的名家的力作曾經把整個世界展現在我的面前。他們藝術的視野和獨特,有時候以其大膽而清晰的想象力讓我爲之心醉。

The astonishing brilliance with which they practiced their craft has challenged and nurtured my own. My debt to them rivals the profound one I owe to the Swedish Academy for having selected me to join that distinguished alumnae.

他們在創作過程中展現出的驚人才華對我來說既是挑戰也是栽培。我對他們的感激正如我對瑞典學院把我挑選出來參加到這個顯赫的行列中來的深切感激正好相似。

I will leave this hall, however, with a new much more delightful haunting than the one I felt upon entering: that is the company of Laureates yet to come. Those who, even as I speak, are mining, sifting and polishing language for illuminations none of us has dreamed of.

當我離開這座大廳時,我將會比我走進它之前更加新鮮,更加高興:那是一種將與今後的桂冠詩人站在同一行列的愉快心情。甚至在我講話的時候,這些人也正在挖掘,篩選,潤色語言來照亮我們誰都還未曾夢想到的世界。

But whether or not any of them secures a place in this pantheon, the gathering of these writers is unmistakable and mounting. Their voices bespeak civilizations gone and yet to be; the precipice from which their imaginations gaze will rivet us; they do not blink nor turn away.

但是,不管他們當中有誰能夠在這個聖殿中取得一個席位,這個作家羣無疑將會越來越龐大。他們聲音會預言已逝或者還未到來的文明;他們站在懸崖邊上所做的幻想的凝視將會把我們大家的目光集中起來;而他們將目不轉睛,也不會逃避。

詞彙:

haunt:

v. 圍繞

Laureate:

n. 桂冠詩人

illumination:

n. 照明

pantheon:

n. 萬神殿

dream of:

v. 夢想

whether…or not:

不管是否

莫里森是美國小說家,編輯和教授。她的小說以它們史詩般的主題,生動的對話和豐滿的人物著稱。正如她的獲獎理由中所提及到的:在富有想象力和詩意的小說中對美國人的現實生活進行了生動地描述。

演說的節選的第一段以短短的三句話不僅表達了莫里森獲獎的喜悅,而且表達了莫里森對於文學的喜愛。從莫里森表達獲獎喜悅的同時誇讚曾獲獎前輩以及他們爲自己帶來的震撼便可看出莫里森遣詞造句的能力和其流暢的表達:pleasantly,daunting,welcoming以及delightful等詞的使用使一個獲獎之情溢於言表的莫里森通過文字的力量穿越數十年出現在我們的眼簾,腦海。很明顯,這一小段的第一句表達了莫里森獲獎的喜悅,第二句表達了莫里森可以與優秀的作家爲舞的喜悅,因爲是這些人讓莫里森看到了一個更爲廣闊的世界(made the whole world available to me)。兩種喜悅交織在一起使莫里森由衷地讚歎前人所取得成就。第三句是這一小段中情感表達最爲強烈的一句,其選詞和句式也是最值得學習的一句。The sweep and the specificity of their art作爲句子的主語,句子的謂語由完成時have broken來充當,heart作爲句子的賓語,整個句子爲主謂賓結構。在這句裏,break one’s heart表示莫里森爲前人的才華和成就感到心醉。這是一顆怎樣沉醉於藝術的美好心靈使其在前人的成就下發出這樣的感嘆!

演說節選的第二小段和第三小段都由兩個長句組成。對前人驚人的才華(astonishing brilliance)的讚揚以及對瑞典學院和這些引路人的感激使一位謙遜心懷感恩的大師躍然紙上。節選的第三小段的最後一句很明顯與第一小段相呼應,那些文學大師們,在莫里森獲獎演說時仍然在挖掘(mine)篩選(sift)潤色(polish)語言去照亮那個我們還爲夢想到的世界。正是他們的努力把這還未曾夢想到的世界展現在新一代文學愛好者的面前併爲他們打開了通向更爲廣闊的世界的大門,使得熱愛文學的火炬得以代代傳承,生生不息。

對前人的敬畏,對後生的期許以及對文學藝術的讚賞在莫里森的言語間流溢。節選的最後一段表達了莫里森對後人的期許以及對文學發展篤信。她認爲作家會預言已逝或者還未到來的文明,她把頒獎的地點稱爲pantheon,pantheon意爲萬聖殿,這樣的稱謂足以看出文學寫作在她眼中的分量!

作爲大師的獲獎演說,其文字的使用本身就是一種值得後生學習和追求的美。例如選段中的第一段莫里森用break one’s heart這一詞組表示自己醉心於文學藝術。這樣的表達是不是比I love literature或I like literature更加能夠讓聽衆或讀者感受到她熾熱的情感呢?第二段裏動詞nurture作爲“培養”的含義使用時傳達出來的感受要比同義的簡單詞彙foster所傳達出來的意義更爲精準,因爲nuture不僅表達撫養長大,更表示精神上的滋養和鼓勵! 同樣在這段中常以名詞詞性意爲“對手”出現的rival此處也作爲動詞意爲“比得上”出現,使句子的表達與用詞富於多樣化。第三段中are mining, sifting, polishing三個現在分詞的使用是的莫里森的表達不僅具有音韻美而且增強了其傳達的力量! Their voices bespeak civilizations gone and yet to be; the precipice from which their imaginations gaze will rivet us; they do not blink nor turn away. (他們聲音會預言已逝或者還未到來的文明;他們站在懸崖邊上所做的幻想的凝視將會把我們大家的目光集中起來;而他們將目不轉睛,也不會逃避。)是節選的最後一句。此句中bespeak意爲“預言,預測”由前綴be-加動詞speak(說)組成。與voice(聲音)連用,很明顯bespeak要比predict,foresee等詞更加合適。作爲大師的獲獎演說,除卻其思想的表達,就連用詞都將其精妙之處詮釋地恰到好處。

熱情洋溢的文字,惜才,愛才,敬才的情感以及精準的用詞使得一篇演說也足以讓人沉醉在奇妙的文學世界,大師擲地有聲的演講在耳畔不斷迴響。

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