四六級口試：快速提高英語發音的21個技巧
One of the most important aspects of Learning English is pronunciation. Without clear pronunciation, it is difficult to make yourself understood. First start by learning individual sounds. After that, focus on the music of the language. You might be surprised by the following statement: Pronouncing every word correctly leads to poor pronunciation! Good pronunciation comes from stressing the right words — this is because English is a time-stressed language.
學習發音是學習英語最重要的功課之一。如果發音不清晰，別人就很難理解你的想法。學習發音首先要從學習單個聲音的發音開始。在這之後就可以專心學習語言的曲調了。你看到下面這個論調可能會很驚訝：如果每個音都發得對，整體發音就不對！因爲英語是講究重音的語言，所以要達到良好的發音需要重讀正確的詞彙。
In other words, some words — the content words — receive more focus, whereas other words — function words — are less important. Learn more below.
換句話說，我們應該多關注表達內容的詞，而其他功能詞則不那麼重要。我們接下來具體分析。
HERE'S HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR PRONUNCIATION:
以下是如何提高發音的建議:
1. Start with learning individual sounds. These are called phonemes.
從學習單個聲音的發音開始。這些單個聲音就是音素。
2. Use minimal pairs to practice individual vowel sounds. Minimal pairs are words in which only one sound changes. For example, pop - pep - pip - pap changes the vowel sound. Using minimal pairs helps you isolate a sound to really focus on the small changes in sounds between vowels.
用“最小對”來練習單個元音的發音。“最小對”是指只有一個聲音變化的單詞。例如，pop-pep-pip-pap這組只更改了元音的聲音。用“最小對”可以幫助你分離出聲音，這樣就能真正專注於元音之間的細微變化。
3. Learn pairs of consonants that are voiced and voiceless and practice through minimal pairs. For example, f / v the 'f' sound is voiceless and the 'v' voiced. You can recognize the difference between voiced and voiceless by placing a finger on your throat. Voiced sounds vibrate, whereas voiceless sounds do not vibrate. These pairs include: b / p - z / s - d / t - v / f - zh / sh - dj / ch.
學習成對的發聲或不發聲的輔音，然後通過“最小對”來練習。例如，f/v的“f”音是不發聲的，而“v”則是發聲的。把手指放在喉嚨上，你就能分辨出發生和不發生輔音的區別。發聲的輔音會讓喉嚨震動，而不發聲的輔音不振動。這些組合包括:b/p-z/s-d/t-v-zh/sh-dj/ch。
4. Learn the difference between pure vowels and diphthongs such as the 'oi' sound in 'boy' or ' aee ' sound in 'tray'.
瞭解純元音和雙元音之間的區別，例如“boy”或“ aee ” 音中的“oi ”音。
5. Learn the following rules concerning pronunciation.
學習下列有關發音的規則。
6. English is considered a stressed language while many other languages are considered syllabic.
英語是一門由重音構成的語言，而其他許多語言都是用音節構建的語言。
7. In other languages, such as French or Italian, each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable has its own length).
在其他語言中，如法語或意大利語，每個音節都有同等的重要性(有重音，但每個音節都有自己的長度)。
8. English pronunciation focuses on specific stressed words while quickly gliding over the other, non-stressed, words.
英語發音側重於特定的重讀詞，同時快速地滑過其他非重讀單詞。
9. Stressed words are considered content words: Nouns e.g. kitchen, Peter — (most) principal verbs e.g. visit, construct — Adjectives e.g. beautiful, interesting — Adverbs e.g. often, carefully
重讀詞通常是表達內容的詞:名詞，如hen, Pete；（大多數)主要動詞，例如，visit, construct；形容詞，如beautiful, interesting；副詞，如often, carefully
10. Non-stressed words are considered function words: Determiners e.g. the, a — Auxiliary verbs e.g. am, were — Prepositions e.g. before, of — Conjunction s e .g. but, and — Pronouns e.g. they, she
非重讀詞通常是功能詞:限定詞，例如the, a; 輔助動詞，如am，were；介詞，如before，of; 連接詞，如but, and;代詞，如they, she
11. Read the following sentence aloud: The beautiful Mountain appeared transfixed in the distance.
大聲朗讀下面的句子: The beautiful Mountain appeared transfixed in the distance.
12. Read the following sentence aloud: He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening.
大聲朗讀下面的句子: He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening.
13. Notice that the first sentence actually takes about the same time to speak well!
你會注意到，要把第一句話說好其實和說第二句話要花一樣長的時間！
14. Even though the second sentence is approximately 30% longer than the first, the sentences take the same time to speak. This is because there are 5 stressed words in each sentence.
即使第二個句子比第一個句子長了大約30%，兩句話說出來卻是要花一樣的時間。這是因爲每句話都有5個重讀詞。
15. Write down a few sentences, or take a few example sentences from a book or exercise.
寫幾句話，或者從一本書或練習中找幾個例句。
16. First underline the stressed words, then read aloud focusing on stressing the underlined words and gliding over the non-stressed words.
首先用下劃線劃出重讀詞，然後大聲朗讀時重點突出劃下劃線的詞，其他非重讀詞滑過即可。
17. Be surprised at how quickly your pronunciation improves! By focusing on stressed words, non-stressed words and syllables take on their more muted nature.
發音提高的速度，連自己都會覺得驚訝！專注於重讀單詞之後，非重讀單詞還有音節就會自然而然得不發聲了。
18. When listening to native speakers, focus on how those speakers stress certain words and begin to copy this.
在聽母語人士說話時，要注意他們重讀哪些詞，並且開始模仿。
MORE TIPS ON IMPROVING PRONUNCIATION
提高發音水平的其他建議：
1. Remember that non-stressed words and syllables are often 'swallowed' in English.
要記住，不重讀的單詞和音節在英語中通常會被“吞掉”。
2. Always focus on pronouncing stressed words well, non-stressed words can be glided over.
永遠把注意力放在發好重讀單詞上，非重讀單詞可以滑過。
3. Don't focus on pronouncing each word. Focus on the stressed words in each sentence.
不用每個單詞都發音，要把注意力放在每句話的重讀單詞上。
（翻譯：Andrea安寧）
