網絡課堂之美語思維(錄音附筆記) 第2課
上課日期：2011.4.10, 13:00-15:00
授課老師及YYID：Nord 93513088
所在班級：Talk Show (13:00-15:00)
課程筆記：
第一單元 Hello, America and American!
第一部分 Warm Up
LET’S GET HEATED
今天我們的主要練習，首先對話如果放在紙上它就是個字。如果我們念出來，僅僅是在讀，它毫無生命色彩。
1、從情感色彩上去學習如何朗讀和感受對話。
2、從對話當中練習技巧。
Dialogue 1
下面是兩個人在交流交男女朋友的經驗， 這是人類共同的話題，但文化價值觀的差異又使我們在同樣的問題的處理方法上有所不同：
A: Hey, there’s Leo. I ⑴ wonder why he’s ⑵ walking arm in arm with that young woman.
B: ⑶ It’s as plain as the nose on your face. They’re dating each other.
A: You’re ⑷ pulling my leg! *She must be thirty years younger than Leo. Talk about ⑸ robbing the cradle!
B: Well, you can bet this relationship’s going to ⑹ be a flash in the pan.
A: It ⑺ must have been love at first sight because I know he didn’t have a girlfriend last week.
B: I think you are ⑻ absolutely right. Actually, my father proposed to my mother after knowing her only two weeks. They got married a month later.
詞句解析：
⑴ wonder：意思是“懷疑、納悶兒”。因爲對話中的女人比男人小很多
⑵ walking arm in arm：意爲“walking with his arm interlocked”。
⑶ It’s as plain as the nose on your face：意思是“very obvious”。
⑷ pulling my leg：意思是“kidding”。
⑸ rob the cradle：意思是“date someone much younger than you”。
⑹ be a flash in the pan：意思是“going to be temporary”。
⑺ must have been：表推論的句型，其中MUST重讀用以表明自己的態度，具有很強的征服。
⑻ absolutely right：該短語一定要充滿自信地重讀。
思維解析：
戀人之間的年齡對美國人來說永遠不是問題。在美國或其他西方國家，愛情似乎只有男女之分，而沒有老少之分。中國的傳統文化中的Respect the authority and the old men是美國個人主義文化氛圍所不能理解和接受的
在美國，愛情間不是很在乎門當戶對、年齡等，他們更在乎兩個人之間的吸引力和個人魅力。美國，更加註重自我，從自我出發，這個美國的價值觀有關係。
美國人對“愛”的理解和中國人很不一樣“只求曾經擁有，不求天長地久”的思想在美國很普遍。人們追求片刻的“愛”勝過一世家庭的穩定，可以說美國的社會是建立在“個人”的基礎上，幾乎沒有人把追求家庭的穩定作爲人生目標；相反，追求個人的幸福成爲人們的夢想。
美國社會的穩定不建立在家庭的穩定上，而是建立在個人心態的穩定上，所以美國在大
學很多人就會結婚，他們結婚的時候是真的互相愛對方，沒有考慮到很多現實因素，但也是因爲這點，會有比較多的人離婚。
Dialogue 2
下面的對話是 A 同學幫 B 同學想辦法解決 B 在度假期間公寓處置的問題：
A：*You must be ⑴ pretty excited about your trip to Europe. When is it that you are leaving?
B： In just three weeks, and I am excited. But there are still ⑵ a few things I need to do before I go.
A： ⑶ Like what?
B:： Like renewing my passport, going to the travel agency to buy my plane ticket and ⑷ figuring out what to do with my apartment while I’m gone.
A： ⑸ You are not going to give it up, are you?
B： ⑹ No way. I’ll never find another apartment around here. But ⑺ I don’t like the idea of paying three months’ rent on an empty apartment, either.
A: I don’t blame you. *Perhaps you could ⑻ sublet it.
B： Yes, but whom to?
A： Mmm… let me think. Oh, I know just a person. An old colleague of mine, Jim Thomas, is coming here to do some research this summer, from June to August.
B： That’s exactly when I’ll be away. It sounds ideal, as long as the landlord agrees.
A： ⑼ Tell you what, I’ll be calling Jim late this week anyway, so I’ll mention it to him then.
B： Well, thanks, Bill. Let me know what happens. That extra money will really ⑽ come in handy.
詞句解析：
⑴ pretty：在口語中的意思是“very”相當於副詞的作用。
⑵ a few：意思是“很少一些”，用來修飾可數名詞。注意：如果是 few，意思就是“幾乎沒有”。
⑶ Like what：當what 重讀時，表示說話方極度不耐煩；輕讀時，表示說話方想繼續這個對話，並想了解更多的細節。在本段對話中要輕讀。
⑷ figure out：美國習語，意思是“弄清楚、明白”。
⑸ You are not going to give it up, are you?：這種句式在英語中被稱爲“tag question”，其中，“give up”是美國習語，意思是放棄。
⑹ No way：重讀，表示堅決反對或不同意。
⑺ I don’t like the idea of something or doing something：美國習語，意思是“我不願意幹某
事”。
⑻ sublet：意思是“轉租”。
⑼ Tell you what：這是美語中常用的插入語，相當於漢語中的“這個、那個”；類似的詞語還有“guess what, I mean, well, anyway, you know, etc.”
⑽ come in handy：美國習語，意思是“be useful from time to time。
思維解析：
1． You must be pretty excited about your trip to Europe.
美國是個充滿活力的國家。美國人好動的性格使他們不停留於安逸，尤其是學生，都願意利用閒暇時間去世界各地旅遊、長見識。在美國國內，那些從事重複性工作或服務性行業的人多數是外國勞工或美國的老年人，而年輕人都在旅遊或從事創造性強的工作。這是美國精神中求新求異觀念的體現。
美國人對於旅遊都是很熱衷的。美國人最喜歡吹牛的話題就是旅遊，因爲這是一個花錢花體力的事兒。但並不是一定要等有錢的才能旅遊。
2． Perhaps you could sublet it.
在美國，你租的房子可以轉租，當然這要爭得房主的同意；一般來說房主會同意的，因爲讓空房子閒置是一種浪費，中美之間就這一點有共同之處，但在怎樣是浪費的問題上卻存在分歧，比如：美國人認爲讓自己的錢靜靜地躺在銀行裏就是一種浪費，而中國人認爲那是處理資金最穩妥的辦法。
美國人商品社會發展的比較長的必然結果，Americans really know how to use money to make money,如何用錢去賺錢。美國人買很多大件貴重的東西都會用credits，大多數美國人都沒有閒置的財富。
3. Define travel agency
Travel agency is a kind of business. It provides service to travelling.
Dialogue 3
下面是電影裏的一段對白，B(Ben)無所事事地在游泳池中漂流，A 對他這種頹廢的表現十分不滿，對話由此展開：
A:：Ben, what are you doing?
B： Well, I would say that I’m just ⑴ drifting ---- here, in the pool.
A： Why?
B: Well, it’s very comfortable just to drift here.
A： Have you ⑵ thought about ⑶ graduate school?
B： No.
A: ⑷ *Would you mind telling me then — what were those four years of college for? What was the point of all that hard work?
B： ⑸ You got me.
A： Now ⑹ listen, Ben. Look, I think it’s a very good thing that a young man — *after he’s done some very good work — should have a chance to relax and enjoy himself, and lie around, and drink beer and so on. But after a few weeks I believe that person would want to take some stock in himself and his situation and start to think about ⑺ getting off his ass.
詞句解析：
⑴ drift：意思是“漂流、漂浮”
⑵ thought about：要注意thought 最後一個字母“t”和about 的第一個字母“a”連讀，且“t”非重讀，所以實際讀音接近“d”。
⑶ graduate school：意思是“研究生院”。
⑷ Would you mind telling me?：美國習語，意思是 “你介意把這件事告訴我嗎？”。或者翻成再口語化一點的意思“你能跟我說說某事嗎？”
⑸ You got me.：美國習語，意思是“你問住我了或我不知道”。
⑹ listen：其中的“i”爲短的,所以實際讀音接近[З]。
⑺ getting off his ass.：美國俚語，意思是“不要懶惰，開始工作”，再口語化一點的翻譯是“該挪動屁股幹活去了”。
思維解析：
1. Would you mind telling me?
這是美語中非常客氣的說法，美國是個人主義盛行的國家，所以尊重別人的隱私是非常重要的。當你要別人爲你幹某事時，這是非常合適的句型，即使你們倆人的關係非常親密，比如：父子、夫妻、母子等，也千萬不要用命令的口氣讓別人爲你幹事。
例如：有人抽菸，你覺得很受打擾，可以用一種比較嚴肅的語氣說“Would you mind?”，來委婉的進行提醒。
2. After he’s done some very good work ―― should have a chance to relax and enjoy himself.
在努力的工作之後，進行全身心地放鬆是典型的美國人的工作和生活方式。美國人崇尚 hard work。在他們工作時，非常敬業，進取心非常強；一旦完成了工作，就會進行娛樂活動，甚至是過分的娛樂，比如：喝得大醉，通霄跳舞等都是美國社會價值觀可以接受的。
中國人或者亞洲人，會認爲如果大家關係很好，那麼在工作的時候可以互相給予便利。
但是，美國人是公私比較分明的，他們常會說 Let’s get down to business.，Business is nothing you can play with.。那麼當工作之後，他們就會特別放鬆。So, next time when you are doing business with the American, it’s very nice to you,when you are at work, do not expect them to treat you in the same way the next on the negotiation table.
第二部分 SMALL TALK
Everyday Expression
見面寒暄是一門藝術，根據時間、空間、關係的遠近，所要完成的交流功能大相徑庭。成功的開場是展開一個精彩話題的基礎，記住把握你自己的機會。
Sentence Pattern: Open Develop Close
How to open the conversation?
打開對話的方式有千萬種，但是下面是幾種最不好的去open the conversation的句子，大家一定不要用。
1. Can I practice English with you? / Can I speak English with you?
2. Do you speak English? Do you wanna talk with me?
在你要打開你的對話時，你一定考慮到對方會怎麼感覺或者對方所尊重的價值觀。
一個成功的opening從語言的角度來說有千萬種表達方式，但是你的思維應該這麼想，你的任何語言都要基於你對現在處的情況的理解。
例如：在汽車站，你遇到一個美國人，你想跟他練英語，怎麼辦？
能夠引起你倆之間的接觸是談論汽車站的情形。可以談論一些交通狀況或公交狀況等等。引起共鳴後，可將話題進一步擴展，隨後自我介紹，進入談話。
A: Well it’s really a long time waiting for a bus.
B: ya, traffic is really a big problem in Beijing.
A: ya, traffic is a problem in the whole China. By the way, my name is XXX, a student …
例如：在大學，有一個美國女生坐在長椅上讀書，你想跟她練英語，怎麼辦呢？
你可以說在這個情景下會產生共鳴的一些話題。可以假裝問路，說一些關於圖書的事情。
A: Well you should be pretty good at Chinese!
B: Excuse me, where can I find the library?
Small Talk 1:
Sam: Hi, how is it going?
Ted: Pretty good, Sam. Only the awful weather, you know.
Sam: That’s right. I’ve never really liked it since I got here.
Ted: Me either, but I’m dealing with it anyway.
How is it going? How’s going? 一個很舒服的打招呼的方式。
天氣是一個永遠的safe talk。對於年齡，薪金，politics, religions, abortion, gays, lesbians等隱私性、爭議性的問題不要談論。可以談論天氣，travelling, pets, 男生可以談談sports, NBA, 女生可以談cosmetics, dress.
Small Talk 2:
A: I’m glad to have had the opportunity to meet you here.
B: I trust you’re keeping well?
A: I’m doing great, thank you.
B: So we can get down to business.
這一段是在很嚴肅的場合下，兩個人在談話。
Small Talk 3:
A: Ah, Bob. Just the person I wanted to see.
B: So what is it?
A: You gotta help me out this time, buddy.
B: Another tough thing, I guess.
這是兩個非常熟悉的老朋友在談話。
Small Talk 4:
A: Hi, it is a pleasant surprise!
B: Yeah, it’s been ages! So how have you been?
A: Couldn’t be better. And you?
B: Just as usual, you know.
這談話的兩個人關係也是很不錯，但是沒那麼熟悉，很久沒見。
Hi how have you been?
What have you been doing?
How is everything going?
Small Talk 5:
A: Susan? What brings you here today?
B: Well, I’ve got some papers due.
A: Really? So what’s the news?
B: Not too good yet. Better than I was though.
something is due = something needs to be handed in
一個東西要交了，該交了，到期了，due
從以上幾個例子中，我們可以看到open the conversation是千差萬別的。但是在打招呼時，一定要加上自己的主觀能動性或者人的因素，還有文化因素。這樣才能找一個比較合適的開始交談的方式。
On Your Own
語彙和句型的模版都掌握了，現在需要你大顯身手，和你的partner 獨立完成四個精彩的日常交流，逐漸達到美語的自如運用。
Note：場景不同，分寸迥異。
1. You and your partner just meet each other in this party, introduced by another friend. You try to greet each other and begin chatting.
2. You two haven’t seen each other for a long time. On Saturday afternoon, you are on the street and come upon each other. You are both very surprised and begin from here.
3. You are coming to an office building for a job interview. You are a bit nervous. When you see your interviewer coming into the lift. When the door closes, you try to make a good impression on him by greeting him.
4. Your partner just wins a horse race and is walking out of the game excited. You see him and go ahead to talk to him.
