2020年中考英語閱讀理解如何複習
許多考生在做閱讀理解時，很容易斷章取義，對整體文章的目的，意圖，觀點及立場把握得不是很準確，小編整理了2020年中考英語閱讀理解如何複習，希望能幫助到您。
閱讀能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一個過程，應該持之以恆，進行有計劃、有目的的閱讀實踐，提高閱讀能力。閱讀理解題型通常可以分爲四種：細節理解、詞義(組)猜測、推理判斷、主旨(段落)大意及標題歸納，下面讓我們一起來看看這幾類題型。
一.細節理解題
常見設題方式：
How many/How much/
What/Who/When/Where/How…?
What does the writer think of…?
Which of the following statements is true/false?
Which of the following is/isn’t mentioned?
Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
題型特點：
細節題佔閱讀理解的比例很大，閱讀時要特別注意以下幾點
1.閱讀時，必須以原文提供的事實、細節和邏輯關係爲依據，切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作者的觀點、看法混爲一談。
2.文章中的數字、日期、時間都是設題的重點，此類題目很少是文章中表層出現的數字或日期，通常需要做簡單的計算。
解題方法：
1.跳讀查找法
這個方法的要點在於先看題幹，帶着問題讀文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。做這類題時可以邊讀邊做記號，能加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準確率，節省寶貴的時間，另外，運用跳讀查找法解題時，要特別注意試題以及選項與原文之間的適當變換。中考中很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的，通常要進行一定的處理，而這種“處理”主要就是進行語義轉換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。
例：Iceland lies in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest island in Europe. The country has a total area of 103,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 6,600 km. The island is 300 km wide from north to south, and 500 km across from west to east.
Iceland, the distance from north to south is _________that from west to east.
A much longer than B shorter than
C. the same as D. a little longer than
2.排除法
排序題也屬於細節理解題的一種題型，它通常出現在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息詞，如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息詞的提示閱讀，可以加快理解的進程。在做細節排序題時，首先要確定首或尾的答案，通常四個選項中會有兩個選項的順序類似，正確答案往往在這兩個選項中選擇，找到兩者的不同之處，回到原文，進行覈對，一旦確定，後面的排序就不用再比較了。
例題：
Chinese team first lands>A 12-man Chinese team landed>The team built a station there to study the changes of the weather, get ice samples (標本) from 150 meters to200 meters below, and do other studies. So far, the team has got nearly 100-meter long ice samples from a placeabout 300 meters under the icecap peak.
It is the first time that people have been able to get samples from the icecap peak in Antarctica and it is veryimportant for people to study the weather changes and environmental changes in this area(地區).
The Chinese scientists have also built a weather study system (系統) at the peak. The system can send outinformation about temperature, how strong the wind is, and many other things about the weather.
Q:Put the following in the right order(順序)according to the passage.
a. They built a station to study the changes of weather
b.A Chinese team landedon Antarctic icecap peak
c. The Chinese scientists built a weather study system
d. They gotice samples from the icecap peak.
A. b→a→d→c
B. b→a→c→d
C.c→b→a→d
D. b→c→d→a
3.簡單計算法
數字計算題也是細節理解題的一種，要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除運算，以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時，首先要弄清題乾的要求是什麼，然後找到與它相關的數字，再對它們進行分析、整合，最後計算出正確答案。
例：The destruction of the world’s rain forests has drawn more and more people’s attention. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing(消失) at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers’ students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.
53. How much did Myers’ students pay for the rain forest they bought?
A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $2000
二.推理判斷題
題型特點：
這種題型要求考生儘量考慮文章中全部信息和事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎上，嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。
常見設題方式：
From the text, it can be inferred that ________.
The passage suggests that_________.
From the passage, we learn that: ________.
What can we learn from the passage?
The writer probably agrees that________.
解題思路：
推理和判斷兩者密不可分。推理是爲了判斷，判斷依賴於推理。推理判斷題要求根據原文，經過推理，進行判斷，從而得出結論，所以推理判斷題的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理時務必要忠實於原文，在文章中尋找可推論的依據，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。
1.正確選項的特點
(1)正確答案一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性;
(2)正確答案的表述一般不會太絕對，而會用一些相對能夠留下一些餘地的詞彙，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等;
(3)正確答案有的時候反而是與通過常識判斷得出的結論相反，要特別注意。
2.干擾選項的特點
(1)只是原文的簡單複述，而非推斷出的結論【事實重現(不是推理出來的)】
(2)看似從原文推斷出來的結論，然而實際上與原文不符;【偷樑換柱】
(3)雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯爲推理依據，但推理過頭、概括過度【以偏概全】
(4)有部分選項的內容純屬編造。【無中生有】
例題：When I saw him the next day, he was smiling and cheerful as ever. When I bent down to put some change in his cup, I also dropped the watch in. I didn’t say anything about it. I just smiled at him and kept>28. From the passage we can learn that _______.
A. the old man knew the writer had brought him a new watch
B. the old man didn’t see it when the writer put the watch in the cup
C. the writer dropped nothing but a watch in the cup
D. the watch must have cost the writer a lot of money
三.詞義(組)猜測
題型特點：
考生應該緊扣原文，根據上下文的語境進行合理判斷，既不要望文生義，也不要斷章取義，更不能只選擇自己認識或熟悉的意思。
干擾項出現的錯誤選項，一般多是學生比較熟悉、想當然的詞典意義，或者適應學生習慣的漢語思維方式;而正確的含義往往不只是詞典上的，而是要通過上下文內容的提示才能確定的。
常見設題方式：
What does the underlined word “…” probably mean in Chinese?
What does the word“…”in Paragraph2 probably mean?
The word(s) “…”in Paragraph 4 probably mean(s)…
The underlined word “…” in Paragraph 4 means __________.
解這類題時應注意以下特點：
①注意一些過渡詞語，如that is, this is, in other words等，它們直接引出了同義解釋;
②注意連接詞及被猜測的詞前後的因果，讓步，遞進，轉折，列舉及承上啓下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、定語從句，相似或相反的結構等。
④對於句中首字母或全部是大寫的單詞,應該猜出可能是專有名詞(人名、地名、組織等)，因此拼讀有時是最合適的方法。
例1：Emojis are now used as a new form of expression, and>46. What does the underlined word "millennials" in the 3rd paragraph mean in Chinese?
A. 80後 B. 00後 C.獨生子女 D.千禧一代:
例2：Thedestructionof the world’s rain forests has drawn more and more people’s attention. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing(消失) at a rate of 80 acres per minute!
55. The underlined word “destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A.破壞 B.發展 C.描述 D.保護
具體解題思路：通常，猜測詞義題常用下面這八種方法：
方法一：構詞法
I.派生詞法：根據一部分英語單詞的詞根，觀察詞頭(前綴)或詞尾(後綴)來猜詞義。
例題：I will not make friends with adishonestperson.
honestB. not trueC. not lovelyD. not friendly
根據派生詞法可知，dis-作爲前綴有“not”的意思，所以答案爲A。
常見前綴和後綴總結：
方法二：合成詞法
(1)由兩個單詞組成的新詞，可根據兩個詞的意思猜測出新詞的詞義。
例題：Overweightis bad for your health.
muchB. too fatC. too smallD. too noisy
根據合成詞法可知答案爲B。
(2)根據標點符號猜測詞義，具體方法是：在“——”, “,”, “:”後面的內容通常都是對前面語言的解釋、描寫和補充說明。
例題：The Greek marriage wasmonogamous——men and women were allowed>根據破折號“——”後面的解釋可以猜測出劃線詞的詞義是“一夫一妻制”。
方法三：同義詞、近義詞法
看到“be considered as, refer to, and, or, also”等常連接同義詞組的標誌詞時，可以根據這些標誌詞前後句的同義詞關係猜測出詞義。
例題：Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes isdetrimentalto your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
根據第二句中的“also”可知，前後兩句是同義關係，所以harmful與detrimental也是同義關係，可知中文意思是“有害的”。
方法四：因果關係法
看到“ because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so … that, such … that等表示前因後果關係的關聯詞時，根據因果關係判斷出詞義。
例:All his attempts (嘗試)to unlock the door werefutile, because she was using the wrong key.
根據“because”後面句子的意思與前面的句子是因果關係，可以猜測出詞義是“徒勞的、無效的”。
方法五：對比轉折關係法
看到“but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though …”表示轉折關係的關聯詞時，根據轉折關係猜出詞義。
例題：Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun wastropical.
根據“although”引導的讓步狀語從句與主句之間的轉折關係，可以判斷出tropical與cool應該互爲反義詞，所以詞義是“熱的”。
方法六：生活常識法
例題：John got>根據“I sat behind him>方法七：舉例法
看到“such as, like, for example”等舉例的標誌詞時，可以根據後面的例句猜測詞義。
例題：Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money>根據“forexample”後面的句子可以判斷出詞義是“家用電器”。
方法七：舉例法
看到“such as, like, for example”等舉例的標誌詞時，可以根據後面的例句猜測詞義。
例題：Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money>根據“forexample”後面的句子可以判斷出詞義是“家用電器”。
方法八：定義或釋義法
看到“that is to say, in other words, mean, be considered, refer to, be known as, define, namely, be called,定語從句”等標誌詞時，根據定義法猜測詞義。
例題：Endangered means that without human help an animal or plant will becomeextinctwhich means that the animal or plant will never again stay alive>A. dead B. dangerous C. bright D. natural
“which means that……”就是解釋和定義，所以可知正確答案是A。
四.主旨(段落)大意題及標題歸納題
題型特點解答這類題時，不能只憑文中的隻言片語而斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(ending)等有關問題時，需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等進行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。
常見設題方式：
The general idea of the passage is about_________.
The main purpose of the passage is_________.
What does the passage mainly talk about?
What’s the passage/Paragraph3 mainly about?
What can be the best title for the passage?
What is the best title of the passage?
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
