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名詞性從句講解和區分

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作爲高考的熱點,名詞性從句幾乎在歷年的高考試卷中都有涉及。下面就是小編給大家帶來的名詞性從句講解和區分,希望大家喜歡!

名詞性從句講解和區分

[關係代詞和關係副詞的誤用]

例1 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

解析 that→where。本題考查賓語從句,引導詞在從句中充當地點狀語,所以將that改爲where。

例2 (2015·全國卷Ⅱ) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

解析 how。根據語境和空後的形容詞thick可知應用how引導賓語從句,此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的牆需要“多”厚。故答案爲how。

點撥 若從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語,則考慮用關係代詞;若從句缺少時間、地點、原因、方式等狀語成分,則使用關係副詞(when/where/why/how)。

[if和whether的誤用]

例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends.

解析 if→whether。question後爲同位語從句,只能用whether來引導,故而將if改爲whether。

例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not.

解析 考查主語從句。句意:你來還是不來,這不怎麼重要。代詞it作形式主語,真正的主語是whether引導的主語從句。

點撥 在表達“是否”這一意思時,我們經常會用到whether和if,但以下幾種情況只用whether不用if:

1. 在表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句中;

2. 在介詞後的賓語從句中。如:It all depends on whether they will support us.

3. 在不定式之前。如:He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

4. 從句中有or not時。如:He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.

[what和that的誤用]

例5 (2016·上海卷) Eventually, I decided to follow her and 26 happened truly amazed me.

解析 what。句意:發生的事情真的讓我很驚訝。設空處無提示詞,分析從句的結構可知,從句中缺少主語,且指代的是物,可判斷答案爲what。本句中連接代詞what引導主語從句且在從句中做主語。

例6 He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.

解析 that→what。介詞in後的賓語從句中缺少賓語,應用what。

點撥 要正確填入引導詞,關鍵在於分析句子結構,判斷引導詞在從句中所作的成分。引導從句時,that不作任何句子成分,只起連接作用;what可作主語、賓語、表語、定語,既充當從句的一個成分,又引導一個從句,意爲“什麼”“……的人”“……的地方”“……的樣子”。

[wh-ever的誤用]

例7 (2016·北京卷)Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.

A. However B. Whoever

C. Whatever D. Wherever

解析 C。考查主語從句。本題中,helps是謂語,you can do屬於主語的一部分。在主語從句中,do的後面缺少賓語,whatever引導主語從句,同時作do的賓語,該句意思是:你能做的任何事都有幫助。

點撥 關係代詞whoever, whatever, whichever引導名詞性從句時,相當於anyone who,anything that等;引導讓步狀語從句時,相當於no matter who/what/which。

注意 1. wh-和wh-ever的區別:wh-有疑問的意思;wh-ever有強調的意思。如:

Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.

Whoever/Anyone who comes here is welcomed.

2. wh-ever在引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換,但在引導狀語從句時可以替換。如:

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

= No matter what happened, he would not mind.

[代詞it的誤用]

例8 This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.

As is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I were a native speaker.

解析 This→It;As→It。兩個句子均是主語從句,應該用it作形式主語。

點撥 代詞it作形式主語,將主語從句放到句尾,引導詞則根據從句所缺的成分來確定。出題人一般會利用同學們對該結構掌握不牢而針對形式主語it設題。

例9 (2015·浙江卷) How would you like , if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

A. them B. one

C. those D. it

解析 D。if引導的賓語從句是本句真正的賓語,而空格處是形式賓語,只有it可充當形式賓語。

點撥 有些動詞或短語,如like, hate, dislike, appreciate, owe, depend on, see to,接賓語從句時需要在賓語從句前加it做形式賓語。例如:

I don’t like it when you look at me like that.

[與其他從句的混淆]

不少同學經常將名詞性從句與其他從句,尤其是與定語從句和強調句搞混。

1. 與定語從句的區別

例10 (2015·天津卷) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.

解析 where。句意爲“這家公司的老闆正盡力爲員工創設一種讓他們能盡情享受工作的氛圍”。設空處引導的定語從句修飾先行詞atmosphere,該從句缺地點狀語,故填關係副詞where,相當於in which。

點撥 定語從句與名詞性從句的區別:定語從句前必須有先行詞,先行詞通常爲名詞或代詞;名詞性從句除同位語從句外,前面均無名詞或代詞。

2. 與強調句的區別

例11 (2015·湖北卷) It was in the lake that they found the long last sword of the Ming Dynasty.

解析 本句爲強調句式,強調了地點狀語in the lake,意思是“正是在那個湖裏……”。that與前面的It was共同構成強調句式。

例12 (2016·江蘇卷) It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

A. why B. what

C. as D. that

解析 考查主語從句。本句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是D。that引導的主語從句,that在本句中不充當成分。句意:通常對那些心存希望的人來說,一切都是可能發生的。

點撥 要弄清名詞性從句與強調句的區別,同學們就應該牢記強調句中若去掉it is/was ... that ...,句子依然完整,而名詞性從句中用來引導主、賓語從句的that儘管沒有實際含義,但在從句中起連接作用。