高中英語閱讀理解推理判斷類專題練習
閱讀理解是高考英語中重要的題型，閱讀理解的考查的內容是不一樣的，下面本站的小編將爲大家帶來關於推理判斷類閱讀題的專題練習介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
A
[2015·黑龍江大慶質檢二]We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don't move, they don't make sounds and they don't seem to respond to anything-at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose-to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of HexVic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.
人們傾向於認爲植物是大自然的裝飾品。它們不能移動，不能發出聲響，看起來不對任何事情作出反應。但是情況常常並非如此，植物一直都在說話。
do plants warn their neighbors?
make use of winds.
release some chemicals.
identify the chemicals.
are exposed early.
答案：B 考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同種類的植物通過釋放一些化合物進而幫助附近的植物，即B項正確。
's the function of HexVic?
damages the cutworm's body.
shows up more.
cures the disease.
sprays over healthy plants.
答案：A考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic”可知，A項正確。
can be inferred from the text that________.
e are not chemical signals
phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes
ers may benefit from the further studies
ts are warned first by their neighbors
答案：C 考查推理判斷。由文章的最後一句可推知，通過進一步的科學研究可以提高農業效率，農民會從中受益，即C項正確。
passage is likely to appear in________.
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a physics textbook
C.a science magazine
D.a finance report
答案：C'考查推理判斷。根據文章內容可推知，本文應該是一篇科研報告性質的文章，即C項正確。
iture n. 傢俱;設備 anation n. 解釋
se vt. 揭露;使曝光 y n./v. 噴射;噴霧器
irm vt.確認;證實
to 傾向於，易於……
ond to 對……作出迴應
up 出現;露面
原文：But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.(主語從句)
譯文：但植物如何接收並按照這些信號行事仍舊是個迷。
仿寫：What_made_him_most_excited was, I think, that he had passed all the exams.
我認爲使他最興奮的是，他已經通過了所有的考試。
B
[2015·山東日照校際聯測]Whether it is Mozart or Miley, your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well at your work.
A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry, proofreading and problemsolving.
In an officebased experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.
The study also found that 81 percent completed their fastest work when music was played.
And it matters what type of music you listen to. For instance, if you're doing your tax returns, then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills.
Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed, with 58 percent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs.
During proofreading, dance music, such as David Guetta's, had the biggest positive impact on participants increasing their speed by 20 percent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all.
Dance music also had a positive effect on spellchecking with a 75 percent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no music was played at all.
The research, undertaken by Brightonbased Mindlab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive.
“The music experiment showed that when listening to music, nine out of ten people performed better，” said Dr. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International.
“Proper music enables people to quickly process and keep information, regulate their behavior, make good choices, solve problems, plan and adjust to changing mental demands，” a senior investigator of Mindlab International explained.
“While many schools are cutting music programs and spending more and more time on test preparations, our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future，” added Dr. David Lewis.
研究表明，合適的音樂對工作效率的提高有着積極的作用。
does the passage mainly talk about?
positive relationship between music and work efficiency.
speed and accuracy of problemsolving tasks.
comparison of different kinds of music.
experiment on productivity of office staff.
答案：A 考查主旨大意。根據第一段和第二段可知，合適的音樂有利於提高工作的效率，在辦公室聽音樂可以提高數據輸入、校對及問題解決的速度及準確性，即音樂和工作效率之間的積極聯繫，故選A項。
rding to the passage, we can conclude that ________.
erent kinds of music lead to the same effect
nt offices can make people perform better
ening to proper music can improve efficiency in offices
tests prepare children for a better academic future
答案：C考查推理判斷。根據第三、四段和第五段的第一句“And it matters what type of music you listen to”可推知，工作效率的提高取決於聽哪種類型的音樂，即合適的音樂有利於提高工作效率，故選C項。
is the author's attitude towards school music programs?
ectful. tful.
rant. ortive.
答案：D考查觀點態度。根據最後一段中的“our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future”可知，作者認爲音樂培訓課可以幫助學生處於更好的學業未來中，故對於學校的音樂課程，作者持支持的態度，選D項，supportive“支持的”。respectful“有禮貌的”;doubtful“不確定的，感到懷疑的”; tolerant“寬容的，容忍的”。
racy n. 準確;精確 rtake vt. 承擔;從事
orm vt. 執行;演奏 ally adv. 事實上
emic adj. 學術的;理論的
ared to 與……相比
a positive effect on 對……有積極影響
st to 調整以適應……
原文：In an officebased experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.(狀語從句中的省略)
譯文：在對辦公室人員的實驗中，88%的參與者被發現在聽音樂時能做最準確的工作。
仿寫：Children, when_accompanied_by_their_parents,_are allowed to enter the stadium.
當孩子被其父母陪伴時，他們才被允許進入這個運動場。
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[2015·重慶一中一診]The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem (生態系統). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big planteater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna (稀樹草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (棲息地).
It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerousopen spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to move around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動物的生存空間等。
is the passage mainly about?
ppearance of African elephants.
sts and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
effect of African elephants' search for food.
eating habit of African elephants.
答案：C 考查主旨大意。本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動物的生存空間等。故C正確。
does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?
ng the time. ening the state.
oving the quality. ding the conditions.
答案：D 考查詞義猜測。根據文章“As a big plant eater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna(稀樹草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”說明非洲大象塑造了草原的環境，也決定了其他動物的生存條件。故D項正確。
do we know about the open spaces in the passage?
result from the destruction of rain forests.
provide food mainly for African elephants.
are home to many endangered animals.
are attractive to planteating animals of different kinds.
答案：D 考查細節理解。根據文章“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters”.說明開放的空間對於其他的食草動物也很重要。故D項正確。
passage is developed mainly by________.
ing the effect and then explaining the causes
ting out similarities and differences
ribing the changes in space order
ng examples
答案：A 考查篇章結構。本文主要通過描述大象的行爲帶來的具體影響以及對這些影響的原因的解釋。故A項正確。
tence n. 存在
re v./n. 慾望;要求
rous adj. 許多的;很多的
ation n. 情況;形勢
adj. 廣闊的;巨大的
great importance 很重要的
a great extent 在很大程度上
lt in 導致
原文：It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. (強調句型)
譯文：正是大象對食物的慾望使它成爲環境的破壞者和棲息地的修建者。
仿寫：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化而不是語言，使他很難適應國外的新環境。
B
[2015·西安下學期月考] With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before. However, every coin has two sides. Many facts suggest that children are overweightand the situation is getting worse, according to the statistics. I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surroundedby shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grownups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less takeaway food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree to this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
本文是健康類短文，本文第一段是一箇中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個原因。在文章最後一段進行了總結提出瞭解決問題的方法。
is suggested by the author to deal with “overw- eight”?
ing the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.
ng young children to walk to school every day.
ng an active life and removing bad eating habits.
watching TV or playing computer games after school.
答案：C 考查推理判斷。根據文章最後一段“The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.”可知作者給出的建議是要過着更爲積極的生活而且要把一些不好的飲食習慣去除掉。故C項正確。
h of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
答案：B 考查篇章結構。本文第一段是一箇中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個原因。在文章最後一段進行了總結提出瞭解決問題的方法。屬於總分總的結構，故B正確。
author writes the passage to________.
people a social problem
ide facts for government
se solutions to a problem
are opinions with people
答案：C 考查推理判斷。本文先提出一個問題：兒童肥胖;在2,3,4段中分析出現這一問題的原因，最後一段中提出對於這個問題的解決方法。作者寫本文的目的是在於對一個問題的解決方法提出的建議。故C項正確。
underlined word“diversified”in the first paragraph most probably means________.
ous icult
nsive lable
答案：A 考查推理判斷。根據本句“With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before”可知現在的兒童在食物的選擇方面很豐富，同時也帶來了很大的問題。所以本詞表示的是多種多樣的;亦可根據diversity來猜測該詞的意思與多樣化有關，故A項正確。
weight adj. 超重的;過重的
istics n. 數據;統計
e n./v. 責備;歸咎於
ound v. 包圍，圍繞
althy adj. 不健康的
the development of 隨着……的發展
2.a number of 許多的;大量的
e to 同意;接受
原文：Not only is this an unhealthy pastime, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.(倒裝句)
譯文：這不僅僅是一種不健康的消遣方式，而且也給他們吃更多不健康食物的時間。
仿寫：Not_only_has_she_been_late_three_times_in_the_past_ three_days,_she has also done no work.
她在過去的三天不僅遲到過三次，還沒幹一點活。
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