雅思寫作高分培訓：突破語法絆腳石

詞彙和語法是制約雅思寫作成績提升的兩個重要部分，因爲在寫作的四項評分標準中，這兩項指標占據了半壁江山。詞彙需要我們平時的積累，今天就來說說語法部分，大家可能因爲它的單調枯燥會忽略它，下面就從句子結構層面展開探討。

1、 串句

串句是不用連詞或標點而把兩個(或以上)獨立的句子串在一起的錯誤表達。有些串句是不用任何標點間隔兩個甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在該用句號時濫用逗號，忽略了逗號本身沒有連接句子功能的原則。

No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it。

There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes, one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study。

修改和避免串句錯誤的常見方法：

①用句號把原句分成兩個獨立的句子;

②用連詞連接兩個句子;

③用分號連接兩個句子。

如：

No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, so the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it。

There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes; one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study。

2、 破句

破句是把不完整的句子當作獨立的句子來寫時發生的錯誤。

以下是常見的幾個破句的例子：

Students should be encouraged to take part-time job. Because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole。

點評：從屬連詞引起的破句。常見的從屬連詞有after,unless, even if, even though ,since , before , when (whenever)，because, if, who(whoever)，while, as (as if )， which(whichever)， although , so that, where(wherever)， until, that等。像because這樣的從屬連詞開頭的從句是不能單獨存在的，它依賴於另一個句子方能使意義完整，也就是說單獨的從句本身就是破句。

修改後：Students should be encouraged to take part-time job because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole。

A large number of people think that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Not realizing that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life。

點評：分詞引起的破句。當分詞出現在一個短語或句子的開頭時常常會產生破句，而這樣的破句往往缺少主語或謂語動詞的一部分。

修改後：A large number of people think that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. They fail to realize that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life。

International travel has given rise to large numbers of employment opportunities. For example, retail, hospitality and transportation。

點評：增加細節引起的破句。往往以下面的詞語開頭：for example, also, except, such as, including, especially, among, like。

修改後：International travel has given rise to large numbers of employment opportunities in retail, hospitality and transportation。

Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control. And also threatening to take already scarce city jobs。

點評：缺少主語的破句。用and之類連詞打頭的短語或句子居多，可通過使破句依附於前面的句子或加上主語的方式進行更正。

修改後：Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and also threatening to take already scarce city jobs。

3、 錯誤的平行結構

所謂平行結構，就是指兩個(或以上)意思並列的成份(包括單詞、詞組、從句和句子)在寫作時要用同等的語法形式表達，並保證邏輯上的一致，否則就破壞了其平行結構。

①錯誤的並列

In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built and which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment。

點評：and who/and which 結構是考生所犯的錯誤中最常見但最嚴重的一種，因爲它導致從句與主句間一種不合邏輯的關係。

修改後：In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment。

②一系列平行結構上的不正確使用

Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience and it is not very expensive。

點評：當詞或詞組被放在一個系列時，它們在意義上和結構上必須都是平行的。

修改後：Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, convenient and inexpensive。

③錯誤的省略

It is commonly thought that modern technology has and will dramatically change our society。

點評：這種錯誤在have/ has ,will, shall結構中較爲常見。

修改後：It is commonly thought that modern technology has dramatically changed our society and it will continue。

④邏輯上的不一致

The percentage of cancerous persons among smokers is significantly higher than non-smokers。

點評：使用than或as的比較形式，較容易出現不合邏輯的現象。

修改後：The percentage of cancerous persons among smokers is significantly higher than that among non-smokers。

雅思寫作所運用的語法知識基本都是中學所學的語法內容，因此對於廣大考生，特別是語言基礎相對薄弱的考生，建議先對這些基礎語法內容進行系統的複習，然後一定要動筆練習，通過老師的批改或者學習軟件，發現自己語法方面的漏洞，及時差漏補缺，做到表達正確並非難事。