2023年12月英語四級翻譯常考話題預測（4）：中國文學類

距離2023年12月英語四級考試越來越近啦，同學們準備的如何？今天@本站英語四六級微信公衆號整理了2023年12月英語四級翻譯常考話題預測（4）：中國文學類，一起來學習吧。

預測一

唐詩(Tang poetry)是中國珍貴的文化遺產，在中國文學和詩歌中佔據重要地位。唐朝是中國詩歌的黃金時代，《全唐詩》(Complete Tang Poems)收錄了2200多位詩人所作的近5萬首唐詩。唐代的詩人特別多，李白、杜甫、白居易是世界聞名的偉大詩人。唐詩的題材非常廣泛，從自然現象、政治動態(dynamics)到社會風俗、個人感受，幾乎包括生活的方方面面。《唐詩三百首》(300 Tang Poems)是後人編選的最受歡迎的唐詩集，在現代社會流傳廣泛，很多詩歌被中國的中小學語文教科書所採用。

參考譯文：

The Tang poetry, a precious cultural heritage of China, occupied a significant place in the field of Chinese literature and Chinese poetry. Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems collected almost 50,000 Tang poems written by over 2,200 poets. There were a large number of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the greatest poets renowned in the world. The subjects of Tang poetry were rather extensive, ranging from natural phenomena and political dynamics to social customs and personal feelings, embracing almost every aspect of people's lives. The 300 Tang Poems was a collection of the most popular Tang poems compiled by the later generations. In modern society, it is so widespread that many of the poems have been adopted in the Chinese language textbooks of primary schools and secondary schools.

預測二

宋詞(Song Ci)是古代詩歌的一種，可以配樂歌唱，又稱曲子詞。因爲宋詞句子長短不一，所以又稱“長短句(Changduanju)”。詞有各種曲調，因此演唱方式多種多樣。詞在宋朝達到鼎盛時期。和唐詩一樣，宋詞在中國文學史上佔有重要地位。在詞的發展過程中，涌現出很多傑出的詞人，如蘇軾、李清照、辛棄疾、陸游等。如今宋詞仍然很受歡迎。《宋詞三百首》(Three Hundred Song Ci Poems)一書非常流行，很多著名的詞作都被重新譜曲演唱。

參考譯文：

Song Ci is one form of ancient poetry and can be sung to music， thus it's also called musical Ci poetry. Since the length of the lines in a Ci poem can vary, it is also called Changduanju (lines of irregular lengths). Due to various tunes used for them, Ci poems can be sung in different ways. Ci poetry reached its peak during the Song Dynasty. Like Tang poetry, Song Ci poetry plays an important role in the history of Chinese literature as well. In the process of its development, a lot of prominent Ci composers appeared such as Su Shi, LiQingzhao, Xin Qiji, Lu You, etc. Song Ci remains popular even today. The book Three Hundred Song Ci Poems is very popular, and a good number of famous Ci poems have been set to new tunes for singing.

預測三

元曲(Yuan opera)是中國一種別具一格的文學形式和戲劇形式。它首先流行於民間，內容充滿了生活氣息。元曲有固定的格式，但相比於唐詩宋詞(Tang and Song poetry)，有較大的靈活性。歷史上涌現了一批傑出元曲劇作家(playwright)，其中以關漢卿最負盛名。元曲和唐詩宋詞一樣，是中國古典文學的重要組成部分。元曲的興起對於中國民族詩歌的發展和文化的繁榮有着深遠的影響。

參考譯文：

Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China. It first became popular among common people as its content was full of the flavor of life. Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more flexible compared with Tang and Song poetry. There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous, like Tang and Song poetry. Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature. The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.

預測四

明清兩朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)是中國小說的繁榮時期。從思想和主題方面來說，這個時代的小說包含了傳統文化的精神，充分顯示出其文學價值和社會作用。在文學史上，明清小說具有與唐詩、宋詞、元曲（Tang Shi, Song Ci and Yuan Qu）一樣重要的地位。中國文學四大名著(Four Great Works of literature）都是明清時期的代表作品。這些享有世界聲譽的作品都已經被改編成影視劇，受到中外觀衆的喜愛。

參考譯文：

The Ming and Qing Dynasties are times of prosperity for Chinese novels. From the aspects of both ideas and themes, the novels in this period have contained the soul of traditional culture, fully displaying its value of literature and social effects. In the history of literature, Ming-Qing novels are as important as Tang Shi, Song Ci and Yuan Qu. All the Chinese Four Great Works of literature are representative works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. These world-famous works have been adapted into films and TV series which are popular with Chinese and foreign audiences. 

預測五

儘管中國古代神話(mythology)沒有十分完整的情節，神話人物也沒有系統的家譜(genealogy)，但它們卻有着鮮明的東方文化特色，其中尤爲顯著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。這種尚德精神在與西方神話特別是希臘神話比較時，顯得更加突出。在西方神話尤其是希臘神話中，對神的褒貶標準多以智慧、力量爲準則，而中國古代神話對神的褒貶則多以道德爲準繩。這種思維方式深植於中國的文化之中。幾千年來，這種尚德精神影響着人們對歷史人物的品評與現實人物的期望。

參考譯文：

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god’s wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people’s comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

預測六

與舞蹈和音樂相伴的歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話，遠在文字出現之前就已大量產生。中國的文學正是發端於此。不過歌謠本是人們在生活中隨興而發的東西，上古時代也沒有保存和記載它們的手段，因之也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。我們只能從一些古籍書中推斷它們的存在。古書中記載了一些據稱年代非常久遠的歌謠，但是大多出於後人的僞託，能夠斷定朝代的歌謠要到《詩經》裏才能看見。從這點來看，古代神話對中國文學的影響更爲顯着。

參考譯文：

 Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance, and myths passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the book of songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.

預測七

在中國的南方和北方，飲食差異很大，也就是說，北方廚師（chef）所烹飪的菜餚口味更重，而在南方的食譜（recipe）中，菜餚的味道相對清淡。有時我們說南方菜餚的美味在於它的甜度和新鮮。在中國的一些省份，如寧夏、河北、四川、陝西和雲南，餐食多爲辣味，這是由於溼冷的天氣和高海拔（high altitude）所導致的。人們認爲出汗是預防溼冷氣候導致的疾病的一個好方法。

參考譯文：

There is a big difference in the diets between Northern and Southern China, that is, the dishes made by Northern chefs have a heavier taste, and those are comparably light in Southern chefs' recipes. Sometimes, we say it is tasty as sweet and fresh in Southern dishes. In some provinces of China like Ningxia, Hebei, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Yunnan, the diets are made hot and spicy because of the humid cold weather and high altitude.  People believe that to sweat is a good method for preventing diseases caused by humidity and cold.