外研版必修二英語語法
語法是英語考試中的重中之重，所佔分值也多。提高英語能力的方法是多讀多練多積累。小編在這裏整理了外研版必修二英語語法供大家閱讀，希望能幫助到您。
第一單元
1.不定式作定語的用法歸納
1). 被修飾名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或the only, the last, the very, the next修飾時，常用不定式作後置定語。被修飾名詞和不定式具有邏輯主謂關係。
Eg. John Smith is the only person to know the secret.
2).表示抽象概念的名詞，後面用動詞不定式做定語，用於解釋中心詞的內容，如ability, way, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。
Eg. she gave up the chance to go abroad.
3).如不定式動詞是不及物動詞作定語時，其後須加一個適當的介詞。例如：
Have you got a chair to sit on? 你有椅子坐了嗎?
2.⑴pay~ 的短語 ①注意pay attention to
②拜訪pay a visit to
③付清，還清(債務);得到回報pay off
⑵ buy sth for some money 用多少錢買某物
sb. spend money on sth. / in doing sth. 把錢花在…上
sth. cost (sb.) money (某物)花了(某人)多少錢
1) sure that do(時態)
When you leave the office, make sure that all the lights are turned off.(燈關上了)
2) sure of / about 確保，弄清楚
You’d better make sure of the time and place for the meeting .(弄清楚開會得時間和地點)
3) be sure to do肯定會，務必 Be sure to come on time.
be sure of / about 有把握，肯定
He is to succeed/ win. 他肯定會贏。(說話者的主觀意見)
He is sure of his success. 他確信自己會成功.(主語的觀點)
= He is sure that he will succeed.
4.一般將來時態
⑴will do sth / shall do sth 單純表示將來要發生的動作，不強調已經打算好。
be going to do sth ①表示即將發生的或最近打算進行的事。
②表示說話人根據已有的跡象判斷將要發生的事情
①It is going to rain. ②We are going to have a meeting today. ③ I am going to leave.
⑵be to do sth 表示安排、計劃、決定、命令或註定要發生的事.
①The boy is to go to school tomorrow
②The bridge is to be built next year.
⑶“be about to + 動詞原形” 表示即將發生的動作，或已經打算好馬上要去做的動作，意爲 be ready to do sth. 後面一般不跟時間狀語。
I’m about to leave.
⑷ go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等表示位置轉移的詞可用進行時態表示按計劃即將發生的動作。
I’m leaving for Beijing.
⑸ 某些動詞(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等表示位置轉移的詞)的一般現在時也可表示將來。表示按照時刻表上規定的時間將要發生，有具體的時間點。
①The meeting starts at five o’clock. ②The plane takes off at 7:05 am.
注將來時態中，如果單純表示將來，或即興動作，用will;
表示早已經打算好了則應該用be going to do / be to do be about to do / be doing 等。
第二單元
ct v./n. addiction adj. addictive /addicted
① Adam Rouse used to be a drug addict(癮君子)
②He is now fighting against his cocaine addiction(癮)
③Heroin is highly addictive(使人上癮的)
④Her son is addicted to(沉迷於) computer games.
⑤Cocaine is a powerfully addictive(使人上癮的)drug.
⒉likely adj. 可能的;有希望的, 適合的 adv. 或許, 可能
It is likely that... 很可能... = It’s probable/ possible that…
sb./sth. be likely to do很可能做… = It is possible for sb./sth. to do …
Not likely!不可能! 纔不呢! (強調否認或拒絕)
①They are the likeliest candidates. 他們是最有可能當選的候選人。
②He is the likeliest person for the job. 他是最適合做這份工作的人。
③她下月很可能不來。She is not likely to come next month.
④很可能他不會同意。It is likely that he won’t agree.
The smokers are twice as likely as non-smokers to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
= The smokers are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease
⒊too…to
⑴“ too + adj/adv. + to + do sth.” 意思是太…而不能.
⑵此外，” too+ adj/adv. + for sb. to do sth.” 意爲對某人來說，太….而不能。
⑶Too…to 中的too 前面有否定詞，如never 時，表示肯定：
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，學到老。
【補充】：""結構中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動詞不定式結合成一個不可分割的狀態、態度、傾向或心情等，並且其後的不定式不是說明too的具體內容，而是修飾形容詞，不定式就不再表示結果。例如：
Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help others. 雷鋒同志樂於助人。
⒋…
⑴whatever用法 “不管…/ 無論(…任何…)” ------用法和what 類似。
❶.引導狀語從句： ①ever happens, you shouldn’t lose heart.
= No matter what happens, you shouldn’t lose heart.
②ever (great) difficulty you meet, you shouldn’t give up.
= No matter what difficulty you meet, you shouldn’t give up.
❷.引導名詞性從句： ① should tell me whatever happened.
②. Whatever he did is for your good.
(引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter what)
⑵ whichever 用法 “任何一個(件、本…)” (有選擇範圍)
❶.引導狀語從句： Whichever computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.
= No matter which computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.
❷引導名詞性從句：Whichever book he bought from the shop would be paid for.
(引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter which)
⑶whoever 用法 “任何…的人”
❶.引導狀語從句： ①ver sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith.
= No matter who sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith.
②ver studies hard, he can make progress later.
= No matter who studies hard, he can make progress later.
❷引導名詞性從句：①ver studies hard can make progress later..
② the book to whoever is interested in it.
(引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter who)
第三單元
1. 強調句型
① It is/was + 主語/賓語/狀語 + that (who) + 句子其餘部分
② 對“… not …until…”強調，用It is/was not until … that …
③對特殊疑問句的強調, 用 特殊疑問詞+ is it that + 句子其餘部分
Where did he see Li Ming yesterday? →
Where was it that he saw Li Ming yesterday?
2. make a record 錄製唱片
keep / hold a record 保持記錄
set a record 創記錄
break a record 打破記錄
3. 當way 作先行詞時，用that / in which / 不用 (引導定語從句)
make/ feel/ think/ believe/ consider + it + adj./n. + to do 結構
⑴我們相信通過學習有可能改變人生。
We believe it possible to change our life by learning.
⑵醫生認爲你度個假期比較好。
The doctor considered it better for you to have a holiday take a vocation.
5.主語+ be + adj. + to do 結構
1). What he said is difficult to understand.
2). The book is easy to read.
3). Chair is comfortable to sit on.
you think 作插入語的用法
你認爲他們何時會得出結論?
When do you think they will come to a conclusion ?
你認爲我會怎麼處理這件事?
How do you think I can deal with this matter?
其他插入語：do you believe/ suppose/ imagine/ guess/ expect/ suggest
注意：do you suggest 所在的句子要用虛擬語氣，即should+ do, should 可以省略
第四單元
1. situation;point;case;experience;story;family 這類詞充當先行詞時常用where或相應介詞+which。
⒉happen vi. 發生 (不能用於被動語態。)
⒊關係代詞引導的定語從句
1)不用that, 只能用which的情況:
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時
The tree, (which is four hundred years old,) is very famous here.
b) 介詞後不能用
Gun control is a subject, (about which Americans talked a lot.)
2) 不用which, 只能用that的情況:
a) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。 Finally, the thief handed everything (that he had stolen) to the police.
b) 先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。
He is the very man (that helped the girl out of the water) .
c) 先行詞爲序數詞(the last)、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.
The first English book (that I read) was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。
He talked about the teachers and schools( that he visited).
e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重複。
⒋譯作“認爲”時，有下列句型
consider sb./sth.(to be/as).認爲某人是
sb./sth. is considered (to be/as).某人被認爲是
sb is considered+to have done sth. 某人被認爲做了某事
consider it+adj.+to do sth. 認爲做某事是···
’t stand + sth/ sb
can’t stand + (sb/sb’s) doing
can’t stand + 不能忍受being done
⒍adopt vt.
1) They adopted my suggestion. 採納
2) The poor child was adopted by the couple. 收養
3) He’s not my real father; I’m adopted. 收養
⒎ tell A and B apart把A和B區分開
tell A from B_________________
tell the difference between A and B說出A和B 的不同
to tell (you) the truth 說實話
tell a story/joke/lie 講故事、講笑話、撒謊
⒏⑴可接不定式作賓語的動詞有：afford ,agree, aim, attempt, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want ,wish, turn
完成句子
① 他買不起這麼貴的小汽車。
He can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.
②當老師進來的時候，他假裝正在讀書。
When the teacher came in, he pretended to be reading.
③他主動提出開車去接我們。
He offered to pick us up.
⑵“疑問詞+不定式”也可作賓語，這樣的動詞有 teach, show, discuss, decide等。
完成句子
①到目前爲止他們還沒決定什麼時候走.
So far they haven’t decided when to leave.
② .他們正在討論如何解決這個問題。
They are discussing how to deal with this problem.
She practises playing the piano every day.
⒐ v-ing 作賓語
⑴ 下列動詞通常直接v-ing作賓語
finish, enjoy, mind, miss, keep, avoid, imagine, practice, suggest, risk, appreciate, admit等 ，
①你介意打開門嗎?
Do you mind opening the door?
②她每天練習彈鋼琴。
She practises playing the piano every day.
⑵一些動詞詞組由“動詞+介詞”組成的他們的後面也接v-ing 作賓語。常見的有：look forward to, get used to , put off, believe in, dream of , think of , give up, insist on, feel like, 等等。
我盼望收到你的來信。
I’m looking forward to receiving your letter.
10.有些動詞接不定式和v-ing 作賓語意義不同，
forget/remember to do忘了、記着要去做某事 forget /remember doing 忘了、記得做過某事
regret to do 遺憾要做某事
regret doing 後悔做了某事
stop to do 停下來做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
try to do 努力試圖去做某事
try doing 試着做某事(看看結果，效果)
mean to do 打算要做
mean doing 意味着
can’t help to do 不能幫着做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做某事
①我本來打算去，但有事沒去。
I had meant to go there, but something unexpected happened.
第五單元
⒈congratulate祝賀其賓語是人;
celebrate 祝賀，其賓語是物( 節日、生日 、勝利、成功)
⒉aboard
①. aboard adv.& prep 在(船、飛機、火車上)
--The plane crashed , killing 200 people aboard.
--All aboard!
--Welcome aboard!
②區別：abroad/ board
A. abroad adv. 在國外
--She often goes abroad on business. 她經常因公出國。
-- I’ve never lived abroad before.
--He was famous, both at home and abroad.
B. board n. 木板，董事會
v. 上船(或火車、飛機、公共汽車等) on board = aboard
--I wrote the examples up on the board.
--There is still only one woman on the board of directors. 在董事會
3. Welcome to space
( 1 ) vt 歡迎，迎接
①President Hu Jintao will welcome 10 heads of states to Hainan Province for the 7th Boao For Asia next week .
胡錦濤主席下週將赴海南迎接前來參加亞洲第七屆博鰲論壇的10國領導人。
( 2 ) adj . 受歡迎的
①You are welcome to stay with us as long as you like .
② ---Thank you for the coffee .
---- You are welcome .
總結：Sb be welcome to do sth 歡迎某人幹某事
be welcome to sth./ to do sth. “可隨意取用某物或做某事”。
You are welcome . 不用謝，別客氣。
⒋連詞有：because，as，since，now that， seeing that, considering that,
because通常表示直接的、主要的原因，從句通常置於句尾，也可置於句首，語氣比較強回答why提出的問題;
as和since表示明顯的、已知的原因，從句通常放在句首;for表示補充說明或推測的原因，從句必須後置，且必須用逗號和主句分開。
(1)because由因導果，because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置於主句之後。
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
(2)for語氣較because要弱得多，只能置於主句之後，對前面主句的內容加以解釋或推斷
如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現在已是早上”的原因。)
(3)since，as“既然，由於”，它們通常被置於語句之前，但有時卻相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
(4)下列情況下只能使用because:
①在回答why的問句時; ②在用於強調句型時; ③被not所否定時。
(5) 一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有：
because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, as a result of等。
--- He couldn't walk because his leg was broken// because of his broken leg
---They stayed in because the weather was bad//because of the bad weather
第六單元
rest: N.意思： (1)興趣 (2) 股份
短語：對……感興趣be interested in have /take interest in
對……失去興趣lose interest in
共同利益common interests
is generally agreed that… 人們一致同意…
與此類似的結構有：It is/ was said / believed / reported/ estimated /suggested that… 據……= sb./ sth. is said/ believed… to do (to have done)
⑴人們普遍認爲它是我國最著名的作家之一。
It is generally agreed that he is one of the most famous writers in our country.
4). 有人建議會議應該推遲。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
⒊It has occasionally been done. 偶爾做這件事
occasional adj. 偶然的;特殊場合的
occasion n. 場合;時機
on occasion 有時，間或 = occasionally
on one occasion 曾經;有一個時候
“有時”譯法：
sometimes/ at times/ from time to time/ (every) now and then/ once in a while
⒋marry
marry sb. to sb. 使……娶/把……嫁給
get married to與某人結婚(表動作)
be married to與某人結婚(表狀態) n. marriage
1)She married her daughter to an engineer.
她把女兒嫁給了一個工程師。
2) They have been married for 13 years.
=They got married 13 years ago.
=It is 13 years since they got married.
⒌1) which TV programme to watch 爲“疑問詞+不定式”結構，在句中作about 的賓語。
① Please explain to us where to begin and how to do it.
2) “疑問詞+不定式”結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。
② 什麼時候離開這兒由你決定。
When to leave here is up to you.
③ 問題是怎樣實施你的計劃。
The question is how to carry out your plan.
【點津】whether 一詞也可以與不定式連用。
④ I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
本次整理就到這裏啦，祝大家在考試中能金榜題名!
