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爲什麼要確立格林威治標準時間
Why Was Greenwich Standard Time Created?
爲什麼要確立格林威治標準時間?
Imagine getting on a train at twelve noon and heading out on a four-hour trip to another town.
設想一下：您正乘坐一輛中午12點整出發的火車前往另外一個城市，路途耗費4個小時。
You’d expect to arrive at four o’clock in the afternoon, right? But before the last few decades of the 19th century, there was no guarantee that this would happen, and it usually had little to do with slow trains or drunken conductors.
你肯定期望在下午四點能夠準時到達，對吧? 但是，在19世紀末之前，保障準確的抵達時間是基本不可能的，並且這與晚點或醉酒的列車長几乎毫無關係。
Until the end of the 19th century virtually every town across the world kept time according to its own methods, creating problems for industries such as railroads that relied on precise timing to deliver goods.
實際上，直到19世紀末爲止， 幾乎世界上每個城市都有自己記錄時間的方式，這就給需要精確定時發送貨物的行業，如鐵路運輸業等帶來無盡的麻煩。
How To Control The Chaos
怎樣控制混亂的時間
To bring order to this chaos, a conference was held in Washington, D.C. in 1884. Delegates from around the world designated Greenwich, England as the starting point from which to create international time zones.
爲了讓混亂的時間變得有序，各國代表於1884年在華盛頓特區召開了一次會議。代表們指定英國格林威治作爲創建國際時區的起點。
But why was this small, London suburb chosen to create what became known as Greenwich Standard Time?
爲什麼這個倫敦郊區小鎮會被選定並創建格林威治標準時間呢?
GST?
格林威治標準時間?
Over 100 years before the Washington conference, King George II of England designated Greenwich as zero degrees longitude in order to help stabilize the shipping trade. If you look at a globe of the earth you’ll see that the vertical line marked ‘zero’ that runs from the North to the South Pole- zero degrees longitude–runs directly through Greenwich.
在華盛頓會議100多年以前，英國國王喬治二世爲了穩定航運業，曾將格林威治標爲0度經線所在地。如果你看一下地球儀，你可以看到聯通南北極的零度經線正好穿過格林威治。
By the time of the Washington conference many shippers already used the longitude system to keep time when traveling by sea. It was only natural for most countries to adopt this system as the basis for creating standard time for the entire planet.
在華盛頓會議召開之時，需要船公司在海運過程中已經使用經度系統來掌控時間。大多數國家自然就容易接受使用這一系統作爲確認全球標準時間的基礎。
Based on longitude increments of fifteen degrees, time becomes one hour earlier each longitude west of Greenwich, and one hour later each longitude east of Greenwich. In other words, when it’s twelve noon at zero degrees longitude, it’s one o’clock at fifteen longitude east.
以每增加經度15度爲基準，格林威治每往西一個時區時間便減少一個小時，而每往東一個時區則增加一個小時。換句話說，當零度經線處是中午十二點時，東經15度處便是下午1點。
爲何被紙劃傷如此疼痛?
爲何被紙劃傷如此疼痛?
Few minor injuries are as painful as the dreaded paper cut. Just thinking about it probably makes you cringe. However, these cuts are usually small, hardly noticeable, and rarely bleed. So what makes them so painful?
很少有一些小傷能夠像被紙劃傷那樣讓人疼痛和害怕。光是想一想可能就讓你不寒而慄了。然而，這種劃傷通常傷口很小、很難被察覺到並且不怎麼會流血。那爲什麼被紙劃傷會這麼疼呢?
A paper cut is similar to a cut with a razor blade, with one major difference. A razor blade makes a smooth, clean incision in the skin, leaving behind few if any foreign particles that might cause the wound to become infected. Although it might hurt initially, the pain brought on by a small razor cut usually fades after a few minutes.
被紙劃傷跟被剃鬚刀片劃傷很像，但是有一點不同。剃鬚刀片造成的傷口較爲平整，幾乎不會留下任何會導致傷口感染的異物。雖然剛被剃鬚刀片劃傷的時候很疼，但是過幾分鐘疼痛感就會慢慢消退。
Like a superficial cut by a razor blade, a paper cut smoothly parts the skin, but while a clean razor leaves little behind to irritate the wound, a paper cut deposits material that really stings.
被紙劃傷的傷口和剃鬚刀片造成的傷口一樣，也很平整。但是乾淨的刀片不會留下任何物質去刺激傷口，而紙劃傷口卻會留下一些讓人感到疼痛的物質。
Paper is made of pressed wood mulch, and a variety of chemicals. When paper cuts into the skin, chemical coated fibers, as well as bacteria and tiny particles remain in the wound and stimulate pain receptors in the skin.
紙是由壓縮木片和多種化學物質構成的。當紙劃過皮膚時，化學塗層纖維、細菌和細小顆粒物就會留在傷口裏，對皮膚裏的痛覺感受器產生刺激。
Because the cut is usually small and shallow, the skin on either side of the wound closes quickly, trapping the fibers and other particles inside. The result is a good deal of pain, and since the closed wound doesn’t allow for much bleeding, the pain seems entirely out of proportion to a cut that you can barely detect.
由於傷口通常很小且很淺，傷口會很快癒合，同時會把纖維和其他粒子留在傷口裏面。所以，你纔會感到十分疼痛，由於閉合的傷口幾乎不會流血，所以說，即使傷口小到你幾乎察覺不到，但是傷口造成的疼痛感卻是要人命的!
