高考英語語法句子
非謂語動詞一直是英語語法中的一個重點，搞懂了非謂語動詞，就可以讓自己的寫作水平上升一個臺階。下面是本站小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!
英語語法——句子結構
在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關係，按照不同的關係，可以把句子分爲不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當。英語的基本成分有六種：主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、表語(predicative)、賓語(object)、定語(attribute)和狀語(adverbial)。
英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。
英語五種基本句型列式如下：
一： S V (主+謂)
二： S V P (主+系+表)
三： S V O (主+謂+賓)
四： S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)
五： S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補)
主+謂
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物動詞)(謂)
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(狀語)
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語)
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞)
I'll go swimming.
主+謂+賓
1) S + Vt + N/Pron
I like music. I like her.
2) S + Vt + to do (不定式)
I want to help him.
常用於這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + Vt + doing
I enjoy living here.
常用於這句型的動詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
4) S + Vt + That-從句
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用於這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, doubt, expect, explain, feel...
主+系+表
S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動詞)+ P(表)
We are Chinese.
除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 錶轉變變化的動詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬時的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞)
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj(形容詞)
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞)
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分詞)
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
主+謂+間賓+直賓
S (主)+ VT (謂)+ Oi(間接 賓)+ Od(直接賓)
I give you help.
1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
上述句型可以變爲：S + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
2) S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用於這句型的動詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。
3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用於這句型的動詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
主+謂+賓+賓補
S (主)+ Vt(謂)+ O(賓) + C(賓補)
I make you clear.
1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用於這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
2) S + Vt + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用於這句型的動詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + Vt+ N/Pron + to do
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用於這句型的動詞有：
5) S + Vt + N/Pron + Participle (分詞)
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
6)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive(不定式)
He show me how to do it.
常用於這句型的動詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
句子的擴展
常用的英語句子除了基本句型的成分不變通常是在這些成分的前面或後面增加一些修飾語(modifier)而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞)，也可以是 各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語)。
We found the hall full.
我們發現禮堂坐滿了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。
