20多個沒有軍隊的國家

More than 20 nations lack standing armies—and it's not always about pacifism.

20多個國家沒有常規軍隊——但並不總是與和平主義相關

"The pope! How many divisions has he got?" Joseph Stalin is said to have asked derisively with regard to the physical power of the Catholic Vaticanis one of the rare countries in the world without armed forces. But it's not totally alone. More than 20 other countries lack standing armies.

”教皇！他有多少部門？”據說 JosephStalin被人揶揄天主教勢力的問題。梵蒂岡是世界上少有的沒有軍隊的國家。但不是絕無僅有的，還有超過20個國家沒有常備軍。

The CIA World Factbook lists 22 independent countries that don't have regular military forces—23 if youdecide not to count Vatican City's largely ceremonial Swiss Guard as amilitary. Here they are (sorry, Swiss Guard):

CIA World Factbook 列出了22個沒有常規軍的國家。如果你不把梵蒂岡城的儀式性的瑞士近衛隊作爲軍隊的話，那就是23國沒有常規軍（對不起啊，瑞士近衛隊）。

1. Andorra

安道爾

2. Costa Rica

哥斯達黎加

nica

多米尼加

4. Grenada

格林納達

i

海地

6. Iceland

冰島

7. Kiribati

基里巴斯

8. Liechtenstein

列支敦士登

9. Marshall Islands

馬紹爾羣島

itius

毛里求斯

onesia

密克羅尼西亞

co

摩納哥

13. Nauru

瑙魯

14. Palau

帕勞

15. Panama

巴拿馬

16. St. Lucia

聖盧西亞

17. St. Vincent and the Grenadines

聖文森特和格林納丁斯

a

薩摩亞

19. San Marino

聖馬力諾

20. Solomon Islands

聖馬力諾

lu

圖瓦盧

atu

瓦努阿圖

can City

梵蒂岡城

Not entirely by coincidence, these countries include seven of the world's 10 smallest independent countries by land area. "Traditionally (those countries) weren't subject to invasion," explained Peter Stearns,aprofessor who edited the 2013 book Demilitarization in the Contemporary formerly U.S.-administered territories, like the Marshall Islands and Palau, simply never established militaries after achieving independence.

不完全巧合的是，在世界上陸地面積最小的10個國家當中，這些國家裏涵蓋了7個。2013年出版《這個世界的非軍事化》的Peter Stearns教授解釋道：“一般來說這些國家不受侵略”。美國的一些前管轄領土，如馬紹爾羣島、帕勞等，獲得獨立後也不組建軍隊。

But there's also another set of countries on the list—those that had militaries and thengave them up. Four of them are in Latin America and the Caribbean。Individual demilitarization stories differ. Costa Rica, for example, abolished its military in 1948 at the initiative of then-President José Figueres Ferrer, who, as the Council on Hemispheric Affairs haspointed out, himself came to power "through an armed insurrection"and may have abolished the military "in order to avoid a future potential military coup against him." The armies of Grenadaand Panama, meanwhile, were both abolished in 1983 and 1989, respectively.

但是清單上另有一些國家——有軍隊隨後遣散了。其中四個在拉美和加勒比地區。每一個國家非軍事化的故事都不一樣。比如哥斯達黎加，1948年在時任總統José Figueres Ferrer的倡議下廢除軍隊。而就像半球事務委員會指出的，他本身是通過“武裝起義”獲得政權的，他廢除軍隊可能是爲了“避免未來潛在的反對他的軍事政變。”同時,格林納達和巴拿馬也都分別在1983年和1989年廢除了軍隊。

It's also potentially a cost-effective step. According to the CIA, military expenditures vacuumed up 2.42 percent of global GDP—some $2 trillion—in 2012. If you don't have to pay for an army, why would you?

同樣這也是潛在的成本效益舉措。根據CIA報告，2012年軍事費用佔全球GDP的2.42%，大約20億美金。如果你不是必須爲軍隊買單，你爲什麼要呢？