變身學習達人 6個關鍵詞教你學習

Space

空間

Make room, mentally and physically, for studying. Usually you’re studying for something specific, such as an exam. This can seem daunting, like a mountain to climb. If this sounds familiar, take a deep breath and pause for a moment before you start.

把房間創造成適合身心兩方面學習的地方。通常你在學習某一些具體的內容，比如一場考試。這似乎是件很難的事，像要爬一座山。如果這聽起來耳熟，深呼吸，在你開始前停頓片刻。

Think of how you make yourself comfortable when you do something you really enjoy, like watching a favorite television program. How do you settle in for the show? Do you sprawl or curl up? Do you have favourite relaxing clothes? Do you choose a particular drink or something to nibble? Borrow all these favorite things to make your studying a better experience. If you’re in a good space physically, you can improve your mental space.

想想當你做一些你真正喜歡的事情的時候，你是怎麼讓自己感覺舒服的，比如收看最喜歡的電視節目。你是如何看待這些節目的呢？你是翹首以盼還是很慵懶？你有穿着最舒心的衣服嗎？你有特定的飲料或是吃的嗎？把所有這些心愛的東西聚在一起，爲你創造更好的學習體驗。如果你待在一個好的物理環境裏，你會改善你的精神領域。

Place

地方

Create your own personal work zone. It doesn’t have to look like a work-space — that’s what many students find off-putting. Building on what you did in the previous paragraph, make the place your own and somewhere you enjoy.

創建自己的個人工作區。它不需要看起來像工作場所——這是很多學生覺得討厭的一點。基於前一段你創造出適合學習的空間，再打造一個屬於你自己的、你也喜歡的地方。

Pace

節奏

Find the right pace for your work. Sprinters work hard and fast in a burst of energy while marathon runners spread the load and build slowly towards the climax. There’s no right or wrong way to pace your studying, except what works for you. Notice the way you like to work, and adjust your pace accordingly. (Just remember, if you study at a slow pace, you'll need to set aside more time for the task.)

找到合適你的工作節奏。短跑運動員注重在一瞬間的爆發力，而馬拉松運動員要分攤里程並慢慢達到極限。在爲學習設定速度上不存在誰對誰錯的方法，只在乎哪種對你最適用。留意自己愉快工作時的方式，並相應調整自己的節奏。（記住，如果你以一種緩慢的速度進行學習，你需要爲完成這些任務留出更多的時間。）

Whether you have bags of time or a brief study period, remember that breaks are just as important as active study (10 minutes off for every 30 minutes of study works for many people), and use those breaks to reward yourself with a small treat.

不管你是有充足的時間或是簡短的片刻，記住休息是同主動學習一樣重要的（對很多人來說每學習30分鐘需要10分鐘的休息時間），並趁着這些片刻休息時間吃點零食犒勞一下自己。

Memory

記憶

It helps to know how your memory works. Here is the key to memory: in any sequence, people remember the first and last things best. Whatever you try to remember, you’ll find yourself recalling the beginning and the end, with less clear memories of the middle. You can’t change this — it’s wired in, it's how our brains work — so don’t fight it. Instead, use this fact to your advantage by organizing your study so the most important bits are at the beginning and end of your sessions.

瞭解記憶如何進行是有用的。 記憶的關鍵是：無論怎麼排序，人們記憶最深刻的是第一個和最後一個。不管你想記住什麼，你會發現自己總能回憶起開始和結尾，而中間一部分卻記不清楚。你不能改變這一點——這是天生的，我們的大腦就是這樣工作的，所以不要同它進行抗爭。相反地，要利用這一點，通過組織學習使它成爲你的優勢，最重要的部分排在開始的時候和結束的時候。

Method

方法

It’s always good to have a plan. However big or complex your task may look at first sight, with a feasible plan you can always find a way to manage it.

有一個計劃總是好的。然而不管乍一看這任務有多龐大，或是有多複雜，如果有一個可行的計劃，你總能找到一種管理方法。

When studying, break your biggest goal into smaller chunks or tasks. It’s best if each of these chunks consists of a single topic. Often, you’ll discover one or two key elements that stand out and get fixed in your mind. You can then use those as building blocks.

在學習的時候，將你最大的目標或任務分解成許多小塊。最好是每一小塊都是一個單一主題。通常，你會發現一個或兩個明顯的關鍵元素，並紮根在你的頭腦裏。那麼你就可以使用這些作爲構建模塊了。

Classic tricks used by memory professionals include ‘the house of memory’ where you place everything you want to remember in unique locations in the house. It’s also useful to use humor — play with your key-words and make them funny or outrageous. You’ll be surprised at how much easier they are to memorize.

記憶大師使用的經典伎倆包括“房子記憶術”，你把所有你想記住的全部定位到房子裏一處獨特的位置。使用幽默手法同樣有用，賦予關鍵詞有趣或驚奇的意義。你會對這麼容易就記住它們而感到驚訝。

Mind maps

思維導圖

A mind map is rough diagram that you can make to visually outline information. You can create a mind map by starting with the primary word or phrase of a topic in the center, with related, lesser categories branching out from it. Subcategories of these are on smaller branches, still. Your categories can consist of anything you think is important; they can be important terms, ideas, or tasks to complete — whatever you need to help you study or organize the information.

思維導圖是一種粗略的圖表，我們可以用來進行視覺化的信息梳理。創建思維導圖可以在中心以話題的關鍵單詞或詞組出發，再從相關度和類別出發進行發散。從屬的類別是更小的分支。你的類別中可以包含任何你認爲重要的：它們可以是重要的術語、想法、或是要完成的任務，你需要的能幫助你學習或組織信息的一切。

Mind maps are easy to master if you don’t use them already, and you’ll discover they help you remember masses of information much more efficiently than conventional lists. If you're not satisfied with your current note-taking skills, try building a mind map during your next class or lecture and see if you find it more helpful.

如果你之前沒有使用過它們，掌握思維導圖很容易，你會發現它們能幫助你記住大量的信息，其效率遠遠高於傳統的列表方式。如果你對目前記筆記的技巧感到不滿意，在你的下堂課或下次講座裏嘗試構建思維導圖，到時候看看它是不是更有幫助。