新託福閱讀多長時間
在整個的托福考試中，閱讀部分的時間是最緊張的。因此大家在平時的備考中，要更好的訓練自己在閱讀部分的時間分配。本站爲大家整理了關於託福閱讀時間的介紹，同時也爲大家整理了一些合理分配時間的方法，供大家參考。
新託福閱讀多長時間
託福閱讀做多長時間最合適?
新託福閱讀考試分爲無閱讀加試和有閱讀加試兩種。
無閱讀加試的情況下，共有3篇文章，分爲兩個部分，第一部分爲獨立的1篇文章，考試時間爲20分鐘;第二部分爲兩篇文章，考試時間爲40分鐘，期間這兩篇文章的考試時間可以自由分配。總體考試時間爲兩部分之和，即60分鐘。
有閱讀加試的情況下，在已有的3篇文章及60分鐘答題時間的基礎上，再加兩篇文章，並作爲一個部分，共計40分鐘，加試期間的兩篇文章的考試時間依然可以自由分配。總體考試時間爲三部分之和，即100分鐘。
變化之前考試時間比較死板，第一篇文章必須在20分鐘以內做完，等到第一篇文章做完後才能繼續在後40分鐘做後面兩篇文章，有加試的考生還必須等把第二次的兩篇文章做完後，才能繼續做加試部分的題，如果各部分超過時間還沒有做完的題，就不能算入成績。變化之後考試時間更爲靈活，沒有加試的考生有60分鐘的考試時間做三篇文章，有加試的考生有80分鐘的時間做四篇文章，沒有強制規定先做哪篇後做哪篇。
提醒各位同學：考試做第一篇文章，不要超20分鐘。
託福閱讀時間分配方法
方法一：
用5分鐘閱讀整篇文章，形成對文章結構和關鍵內容的大致理解。剩下15分鐘從第一題開始做到最後一題，先文後題：即先看每一段，然後解決對應的題目。
優點：
1.對於文章的整體感有一定的把握，對於看懂的信息容易建立自信。
2.有利於解決少數與段落主題有關的題目。
缺陷：
1.不能在規定時間內完成;
2.記不住段落的內容，做題時仍需返回段落，重新定位到具體的某句話來尋找答案。
3.做最後一題時，仍需重新閱讀文章，因爲距第一遍閱讀文章已經時隔了十幾分鍾，不可能記得很清楚;或者憑藉先前閱讀後的大致印象選擇答案，感覺沒底。
方法二：
用7分鐘閱讀整篇文章，直接做最後一題。剩下的13分鐘從第一題做到倒數第二題。
優點：
1.對於做最後一題有一定的好處，因爲剛剛讀完印象還在。
2.對於文章的整體感有一定的把握，對於看懂的信息容易建立自信。
缺陷：
1.最後一題的正確選項通常與第一題至倒數第二題中的某些題有一定在關聯性，消耗了不必要的時間。
2.做第一題至倒數第二題的時間非常緊迫，每道題(除了詞彙題)幾乎都是草草一筆帶過，無法確保題目的正確率。
方法三：
用15分鐘做第一題至倒數第二題，先題後文：即讀題目根據關鍵詞定位到段落中的某句話，然後比對這句話和選項的含義，最後選出答案。剩下5分鐘做最後一題。
優點：
1.保證了絕大多數題目的正確率。
2.確保在規定時間內完成。
缺陷：
1.需要掌握簡化後的解題方法，即上完強化班之後需要把習得的技巧進行簡化後才能應用於實戰。
2.對於第一題至倒數第二題中個別與全文結構或主題有關的題目不能在第一時間做出判斷，只能放到做完最後一題之後完成，增加了考生的心理負擔和翻頁的時間損耗。
託福閱讀TPO31第3篇:Savanna Formation
【1】Located in tropical area at low altitudes, savannas are stable ecosystems, some wet and some dry consisting of vast grasslands with scattered tree or shrubs. They occur on a wide range of soil types and in extremes of climate. There is no simple or single factor that determines if a given site will be a savanna, but some factors seem to play important roles in their formation.
【2】Savannas typically experience a rather prolonged dry season. One theory behind savanna formation is that wet forest species are unable to withstand the dry season, and thus savanna, rather than rain forest, is favored on the site. Savannas experience an annual rainfall of between 1000 and 2000 millimeters, most of it falling in a five-to-eight month wet season. Though plenty of rain may fall on a savanna during the year, for at least part of the year little does, creating the drought stress ultimately favoring grasses. Such conditions prevail throughout much of northern South America and Cuba, but many Central American savannas as well as coastal areas of Brazil and the island of Trinidad do not fit this pattern. In these areas, rainfall per month exceeds that in the above definition, so other factors must contribute to savanna formation.
【3】In many characteristics, savanna soils are similar to those of some rain forests, though more extreme. For example, savanna soils, like many rain forest soils, are typically oxisols (dominated by certain oxide minerals) and ultisols (soils containing no calcium carbonate), with a high acidity notably low concentrations of such minerals as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, while aluminum levels are high. Some savannas occur on wet, waterlogged soils; other dry, sandy, well-drained soils. This many seem contradictory, but it only means that extreme soil conditions, either too wet or too dry for forests, are satisfactory for savannas. More moderate conditions support moist forests.
【4】Waterlogged soils occur in areas that are flat or have poor drainage. These soils usually contain large amounts of clay and easily become water-saturated. Air cannot penetrate between the soil particles, making the soil oxygen-poor. By contrast, dry soils are sandy and porous, their coarse textures permitting water to drain rapidly. Sandy soils are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals and so tend to be nutritionally poor. Though most savannas are found on sites with poor soils (because of either moisture conditions or nutrient levels of both), poor soils can and do support lush rain forest.
【5】Most savannas probably experience mild fires frequently and major burns every two years or so. Many savanna and dry-forest plant species are called pyrophytes, meaning they are adapted in various ways to withstand occasional burning. Frequent fire is a factor to which rain forest species seem unable to adapt, although ancient charcoal remains from Amazon forest soils dating prior to the arrival of humans suggest that moist forests also occasionally burn. Experiments suggest that if fire did not occur in savannas in the Americas, species composition would change significantly. When burning occurs, it prevents competition among plant species from progressing to the point where some species exclude others, reducing the overall diversity of the ecosystem. But in experimental areas protected from fire, a few perennial grass species eventually come to dominate, outcompeting all others. Evidence from other studies suggests that exclusion of fire results in markedly decreased plant-species richness, often with an increase in tree density. There is generally little doubt that fire is a significant factor in maintaining savanna, certainly in most regions.
【6】On certain sites, particularly in South America, savanna formation seems related to frequent cutting and burning of moist forests for pastureland. Increase in pastureland and subsequent overgrazing have resulted in an expansion of savanna. The thin upper layer of humus (decayed organic matter) is destroyed by cutting and burning. Humus is necessary for rapid decomposition of leaves by bacteria and fungi and for recycling by surface roots. Once the humus layer disappears, nutrients cannot be recycled and leach from the soil, converting soil from fertile to infertile and making it suitable only for savanna vegetation. Forests on white, sandy soil are most susceptible to permanent alteration.
word "prolonged" in the passage is closest in meaning to
ictable.
ructive.
thy.
oductive.
paragraph 2，the author mentions savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad in order to
e that these savannas are similar to those in South America and Cuba.
t out exceptions to the pattern of savanna formation in areas with drought stress.
ide additional examples of savannas in areas with five- to eight-month wet seasons.
cate areas where savannas are being gradually replaced by rain forests.
rding to paragraph 3, rain forests and savannas differ in that
soils in rain forests contain fewer minerals than savanna soils do.
nnas affect soil conditions more than rain forests do.
ke rain forests, savannas prefer sandy, well-drained soils to soils that are very wet.
ke rain forests, savannas may develop under both very dry and very wet soil conditions.
word "notably" in the passage is closest in meaning to
larly.
cially.
lly.
tively.
rding to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of savanna soils EXCEPT
have high concentrations of potassium.
contain high levels of aluminum.
are very acidic.
contain large amounts of certain oxide minerals.
rding to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of waterlogged soils?
r upper layers are usually sandy and porous.
cannot support savannas.
contain little oxygen.
are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals.
fact that "poor soils can and do support lush rain forest" suggests that
soils alone may not be enough to explain why an area becomes a savanna.
forest vegetation can significantly lower the quality of soils.
ght stress is the single most important factor in savanna formation.
rals are more important than moisture for the growth of trees.
h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
forest species seem unable to adapt to fires created by humans.
ent charcoal remains suggest that, prior to the arrival of humans, fires occurred frequently in rain forests.
ent charcoal remains in Amazon forests suggest that rain forest species adapted to the area long before the arrival of humans.
forest species appear unable to adapt to frequent fires, but evidence from the past suggests that rain forests sometimes do burn.
word "markedly" in the passage is closest in meaning to
erously.
ceably.
dly.
ually.
graph 5 supports which of the following statements regarding the importance of fires in maintaining savannas?
s prevent the growth of pyrophytes.
s eliminate some species and thus reduce the overall diversity of the ecosystem.
s that occur once every two years are unlikely to help maintain savannas.
s prevent some species from eliminating other species with which they compete.
word "subsequent" in the passage is closest in meaning to
nded in area.
ful.
owing in time.
ated.
rding to paragraph 6，human activity affects soils in all of the following ways EXCEPT
mposition of leaves occurs too fast for surface roots to obtain nutrients.
ients are not recycled.
s is destroyed.
ain soils become unable to support vegetation other than savanna vegetation.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the e would the sentence best fit? In addition, humans have contributed to the conditions favoring the formation of savannas.
Most savannas probably experience mild fires frequently and major burns every two years or so. Many savanna and dry-forest plant species are called pyrophytes, meaning they are adapted in various ways to withstand occasional burning. Frequent fire is a factor to which rain forest species seem unable to adapt, although ancient charcoal remains from Amazon forest soils dating prior to the arrival of humans suggest that moist forests also occasionally burn. Experiments suggest that if fire did not occur in savannas in the Americas, species composition would change significantly. When burning occurs, it prevents competition among plant species from progressing to the point where some species exclude others, reducing the overall diversity of the ecosystem. But in experimental areas protected from fire, a few perennial grass species eventually come to dominate, outcompeting all others. ■【A】 Evidence from other studies suggests that exclusion of fire results in markedly decreased plant-species richness, oftenwithan increase in tree density. ■【B】 There is generally little doubt that fire is a significant factor in maintaining savanna, certainly in most regions.■【C】 On certain sites, particularly in South America, savanna formation seems related to frequent cutting and burning of moist forests for pastureland. ■【D】 Increase in pastureland and subsequent overgrazing have resulted in an expansion of savanna. The thin upper layer of humus (decayed organic matter) is destroyed by cutting and burning. Humus is necessary for rapid decomposition of leaves by bacteria and fungi and for recycling by surface roots. Once the humus layer disappears, nutrients cannot be recycled and leach from the soil, converting soil from fertile to infertile and making it suitable only for savanna vegetation. Forests on white, sandy soil are most susceptible to permanent alteration.
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passages or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Several factors seem to play important roles in savanna formation.
nnas can form in areas with a five- to eight-month wet season, but they more commonly have a
stress caused by drought, extreme moisture, or low nutrient levels favors the formsticm of
ies conducted in various regions indicate that an upper layer of white, sandy, soil is
ght stress affects trees and shrubs in savannas far less than it affects savanna grasses.
uent fire is a major factor contributing to the formation and maintenance of
some areas, human cutting and burning is associated with savanna formation, and
託福閱讀答案
1.可以根據詞根分析，原文中prolonged，詞根爲long，長度。Prolonged爲延長的。選項中C，length本來是長度的意思，lengthy變爲形容詞格式，符合原詞詞義。
2.以 savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad作爲關鍵詞定位到原文，看到這半句和前 半句中間有but的轉折，那麼也就是說central America，Brazil這些地方和前面介紹的不一樣，所以是例外情況。
3.本段第一句就指出，rain forest和savannas的土壤是相似的，但是更極端一點。後面就給了examples。最後一句 給出了兩種土壤的總結"this may seem…er too wet or too dry for forests" 所以選 D。
bly從notice發展而來，以爲顯著的，因此選擇B。另外也可通過and的並列格式來推斷。
5.這一題對應for example後面的內容，A直接和紅色標註部分矛盾，因此是要選的except的選項。
6.A對於"by contrast…"那一句，sandy soil和waterlogged soils 是相反的。B 與原文矛盾，上段最後就說要麼很乾要麼很溼，waterlogged 就是很溼的那種。C對於那個 making the soil oxygen-poor。D對應" Sandy soils are prone to ....."，而不是選項中說的 waterlogged soils的特徵。
7.這句話說雖然幾乎全部 的savannas都發生在poor soils之上，但是poor soils足以支撐茂盛的熱帶雨林。所以是轉折，說明poor soils不是唯一決定了savannas的因素， 還有別的。
8.原句主幹是說frequent fire是造成熱帶雨林不能形成的原因，即使在人類出現之前亞馬遜雨林也出現過偶爾的 燃燒。所以D是意思最完整的。可根據轉折關係來判斷。
9.根據詞根判斷，原詞詞根爲mark意爲標註，跟選項中B的notice意思相近，所以選B。
10.對應部分從but in experimental areas protected from fire開始，後面的內容都對其重要性進行了解釋，如果沒有火來保持savannas，那麼就很少有perennial grass species可以outcompeting其他的種類，從而減少了plant-species的豐富，而樹的密度則會更大。對應了 D的描述。
equence是後果的意思，subsequent就是後來，然後的意思。因此選擇C。
n activity包括了cutting and burning，然後這句的後面，從''increase....''開始就是後果。先說humus is destroyed，對應 C，然後 humus 對於decomposition是非常必 要的，而 human activity destroy了humus，所以減慢了decomposition，和A矛盾。 後面說 nutrients cannot被recycled，對應了B。converting那一句對應了D。
13.要插入的句子描述的是 savannas的形成原因，並且開頭是in addition，證明是對前面句子的補充，前面句子說的應該是savannas形成的原因之一，對應了第二句。並且第三空後面的句子提到了cutting和burning，這些都是human activity。所以選 C。
