夏日來臨！這幾個防曬小知識必須要懂

Sun-soaking season is here, and that means if you don't lather up with sunscreen, you could be doing serious damage to your Skin cells' DNA, setting yourself up to develop a potentially deadly form of cancer.
烈日炎炎的季節到了，這意味着如果你不塗防曬霜，就可能會嚴重損害你的皮膚細胞的遺傳物質（DNA），而且還可能會使你自己患上致命的癌症。

Melanoma kills more than 10,000 Americans every year, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation.
皮膚癌基金會指出，每年有10000多名美國人死於黑色素瘤。

Those deadly cancer cases are typically caused by UV radiation you get from either baking in the sunshine, or lounging in a tanning bed.
那些致命癌症通常是因你曝曬於陽光下或躺在（利用太陽燈照曬棕褐色皮膚的）浴牀上接受到的紫外線輻射而造成的。

So it's important to lather up with some protective sunscreen if you're going to be spending time in the sun - especially during warmer summer months, when the UV Index rises and the sun becomes more potent .
所以如果你要在陽光下度過時光，特別是在更暖和的夏日，紫外線指數上升且陽光更烈的時候，塗點防曬霜是非常重要的。

We enlisted the help of two skin experts to explain just how long sunscreen lasts and how to re-apply it correctly. Here's their best advice:
我們邀請了兩位皮膚科專家爲我們解釋了一下防曬霜的效果可以持續多久，以及正確地重新使用防曬霜的方法。以下是他們給出的最好的建議：

Your sunscreen SPF is only 100 percent guaranteed for two hours after you put it on
在你塗上防曬霜之後，它的防曬效果只能完全保護你兩個小時

"When we talk about reapplying sunscreen every two hours, that number comes from how SPF is tested," John Zampella, a dermatologist at NYU Langone Health, said.
“當我們談到每兩個小時重新塗一次防曬霜的時候，這個數據是基於防曬指數的測試方法而定的，”紐約大學蘭貢健康中心的皮膚科專家約翰·贊姆佩拉說道。

He explained that SPF numbers are based on how much protection a certain sunscreen will give you against the sun for two hours.
他解釋道，防曬指數是基於防曬霜在兩個小時中會給你提供何種程度的保護而確定的。

When you're active and enjoying the sun, like at the beach or a ballgame, it's important to reapply after that.
當你積極地享受陽光的時候，例如在海灘上或球類活動中，兩個小時之後重新塗上防曬霜是很重要的。

If you put on an SPF of 50 at 10 a.m., by noon, "you're probably still getting some protection, but your SPF 50 is no longer accurate," Zampella said. "Maybe you're getting SPF 10 at that point."
如果你上午10點塗上防曬指數爲50的防曬霜，到中午的時候，“你可能還會受到防曬霜的保護，但它的防曬指數（50）已經不再準確了，”贊姆佩拉說道。

For full-fledged protection, use at least SPF 30
要得到充分的保護，你要使用防曬指數至少爲30的防曬霜

That's what the American Academy of Dermatologists suggests.
這是美國皮膚科專家的建議。

SPF 30 also happens to be the dose that skin expert David Leffell keeps on hand for himself at home.
防曬指數30也恰好是皮膚科專家大衛·勒菲爾自己在家裏使用的防曬霜劑量。

For most people, that protection factor gives enough of a shield to fight off about 96% of the damaging, burn-inducing UVB solar rays outside, whether you're at the beach or on the golf course.
對多數人而言，不論你在海灘上還是在高爾夫球場，這種程度的保護足夠爲你抵擋戶外太陽光中波紫外線引起的96%的損害或曬傷。

Sensitive and fairer skin tones may opt for SPF 50 to get a little extra boost of protection, but Leffell says any SPF higher than 50 only offers minimal extra benefit.
敏感皮膚以及膚色偏白的皮膚可以選擇防曬指數爲50的防曬霜來獲得額外的保護，但勒菲爾表示，防曬指數高於50的防曬霜只能提供很少的額外效益。

It's especially essential to 'refresh' sunscreen in certain burn- and skin cancer-prone areas of the body and face
特別有必要在身體和臉部某些易於曬傷或易於患皮膚癌的部位“補充”防曬霜

That includes the top of the ears, the forehead, the cheeks, and the nose.
這包括耳朵上部、前額、臉頰和鼻子。

Carry sunscreen with you during the day
白天隨身攜帶防曬霜

Zampella says he totes a bottle of sunscreen with him every day.
贊姆佩拉表示，他每天都帶着一瓶防曬霜。

"Do I apply it every two hours? Probably not," he said. Realistically, he's probably applying twice a day while in the city. But he's more vigilant when he's spending the entire day outside. "At the beach, I do try and get it on every two hours."
“我會每兩個小時塗一次防曬霜嗎？可能不會，”他說道。實際上，在市區的時候，他可能會一天塗兩次防曬霜。不過當他一整天都呆在戶外的時候，他可能更警覺一些。“在海灘上，我確實會每兩個小時塗一次防曬霜。”

Make it a daily habit
把塗防曬霜變成日常習慣

According to Leffell, you should make putting on sunscreen everyday a part of your morning routine, "just like brushing your teeth."
勒菲爾表示，你應該把塗防曬霜作爲你每天早晨常規活動的一部分，“就像刷牙一樣”。

"By making it a regular behaviour, you have a much increased chance that you won't see it as an annoyance, and that you won't forget to do it," he said.
“把它變成一項常規行爲，這樣你更可能不會把它視爲一件煩人的事情，而且你還不會忘記它，”他說道。

Zampella agrees. He says making sun care a daily reflex will "give you the best long term benefits of both skin cancer prevention and also anti-ageing protection."
贊姆佩拉同意勒菲爾的觀點。他表示，把防曬變成日常行爲會“爲你的皮膚癌預防以及抗衰老防護帶來最佳的長期效益。”

Women should pay extra attention to their chest, while men should watch out on top of their head
女士應特別注意她們的胸部，而男士應小心他們的頭頂

Leffell says women should be especially careful to protect the "v" of their chest from getting burned, since damage there is "very hard to reverse cosmetically with lasers."
勒菲爾表示，女性應特別注意保護她們的事業線不被曬傷，因爲傷到那個部位“很難用激光修復”。

For men, he recommends anyone who's lost a bit of hair should liberally apply sunscreen to their bald spots and their neck, and probably add a hat.
對男士而言，他建議有點脫髮的男士應在脫髮的部位以及脖子上塗上充足的防曬霜，有可能的話，可以戴上一頂帽子。

Once you've lathered up, get out there and enjoy a little sun!
當你塗上防曬霜，就出去享受一下陽光吧！

There's plenty of scientific research that suggests a little sunshine on a regular basis can be good for your bones, your mood, and your waistline.
大量科學研究表明，經常曬曬太陽對你的骨骼、心情和腰部曲線都有益處。