兩大名校最新研究：原來我們已經沒有隱私！
Raising further questions about privacy on the internet, researchers from Princeton and Stanford universities have released a study showing that a specific person's online behavior can be identified by linking anonymous web browsing histories with social media profiles.
來自普林斯頓大學和斯坦福大學的研究人員的一份調查報告，引起了人們對互聯網隱私問題的進一步關注：只需將匿名網頁瀏覽歷史與社交媒體資料關聯起來，你在網絡上的一舉一動便一覽無餘。
"We show that browsing histories can be linked to social media profiles such as Twitter, Facebook or Reddit accounts," the researchers wrote in a paper scheduled for presentation at the 2017 World Wide Web Conference Perth, Australia, in April."
“我們的調查結果顯示，瀏覽歷史可以被關聯到諸如推特，臉書，紅迪網之類的社交媒體資料上。”研究人員在一份將用於4月份澳大利亞珀斯2017萬維網會議的文件上這樣寫道。
"It is already known that some companies, such as Google and Facebook, track users online and know their identities," said Arvind Narayanan, an assistant professor of computer science at Princeton and one of the authors of the research article.
“我們已經知道，有一些公司會追蹤用戶的上網足跡，知道用戶的身份，比如谷歌和臉書。”普林斯頓計算機科學的助理教授、這篇研究報告的作者之一阿爾溫德·納拉亞蘭如是說道。
"But those companies, which consumers choose to create accounts with, disclose their new research shows that anyone with access to browsing histories -- a great number of companies and organizations -- can identify many users by analyzing public information from social media accounts,"Narayanan said.
“但是這些廣大用戶選擇註冊與使用的公司，它們公開了自己追蹤用戶信息的行爲。新的研究結果顯示，有海量的公司和組織都能通過分析用戶在社交媒體賬號上公開的信息，確定用戶的身份。”納拉亞蘭稱。
"Users may assume they are anonymous when they are browsing a news or a health website, but our work adds to the list of ways in which tracking companies may be able to learn their identities," said Narayanan.
納拉亞蘭說，用戶可能會認爲，在瀏覽一些新聞網站或者健康網站的時候，自己是匿名的，但是研究報告卻向大家展示了這些公司通過一些手段確定用戶身份的可能性。
In the article, the authors note that online advertising companies build browsing histories of users with tracking programs embedded on webpages. Some advertisers attach identities to these profiles, but most promise that the web browsing information is not linked to anyone's identity.
研究報告中，作者記錄道：在線廣告公司將追蹤程序嵌入網頁，從而建立起用戶瀏覽記錄的檔案。一些廣告商會將用戶的身份添加至這些檔案文件中，不過絕大多數的商家都承諾，用戶在瀏覽這些網站時，其身份信息是安全的。
The researchers wanted to know if it were possible to de-anonymize web browsing and identify a user even if the web browsing history did not include identities.
研究人員試圖弄清，是否當網絡瀏覽歷史不含身份信息時，也能根據網頁瀏覽的數據分析出用戶的身份呢？
"Each person's browsing history is unique and contains tell-tale signs of their identity," said Sharad Goel, an assistant professor at Stanford and an author of the study."
每個人的瀏覽歷史都是獨一無二的，而這裏面處處包含着暴露其身份的蛛絲馬跡。”斯坦福大學的助理教授，同時也是研究報告作者之一的夏瑞德·高爾這樣說道。
