陳述句與疑問句由直接引語變間接引語的方法
陳述句與疑問句由直接引語變間接引語的方法
1. 直接引語爲陳述句時如何變爲間接引語的方法
將直接引語變爲由that引導的賓語從句跟在引述動詞之後(that引導的賓語從句跟在引述動詞之後也可省略)。如：He said, “I want to buy a dictionary.” →He said (that) he wanted to buy a dictionary. 注：(1) 若引述動詞用的是say to sb這樣的句型，則通常改爲tell sb：：“I hope you can come,” he said to me. →He told me that he hoped I could go. (2) 若直接引語是兩個並列的陳述句，要注意在第二個賓語從句前加連詞that：He said, “I am tired and I want to have a rest.”→He said that he was tired and that he wanted to have a rest.在此種情況下，引導第一個賓語從句的that在此種情況下，引導第一個有時可以省略，但引導第二個賓語從句的that通常不省略，以免誤解。
2. 直接引語爲一般疑問句時如何變爲間接引語的方法
將直接引語變爲由if 或 whether if 引導的賓語從句跟在引述動詞之後：“Have you been there?” he asked. →He asked if I had been there.注：(1) 改爲賓語從句的間接引語要用陳述句詞序。(2) 若直接引語的引述動詞爲say，改成間接引語應將其改爲asksay等：“Do you like it?” he said. →He asked if [whether] I liked it.
3. 直接引語爲特殊疑問句時如何變爲間接引語的方法
將直接引語變爲由“疑問詞”引導的賓語從句跟在引述動詞之後：He said, “Jim, when is the next train?” →He asked Jim when the next train was. 注：(1) 改爲賓語從句的間接引語要用陳述句詞序。(2) 若直接引語的引述動詞爲mes New Roman'">(2) ，改成間接引語應將其改爲ask等：He said, “Where is the station?”
→He asked where the station was.”
4. 直接引語變間接引語的五點變化
(1) 時態的變化。直接引語變爲間接引語時，若主句爲過去時態，變爲間接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態往後推一個，即：一般現在時變爲一般過去時，一般將來時變爲過去將來時，現在進行時變爲過去進行時，現在完成時變爲過去完成時，一般過去時變爲過去完成時(若直接引語爲過去完成時，變爲間接引語時，可以不變)，情態動詞 can, may 等分別變爲 could, might 等。如：“It will rain soon,” he said.→He said that it would rain that night. “She can→He said that it would rain that night. →He said that she could speak French. 注：① 若直接引語爲客觀真理，則變爲間接引語時時態不變。如：The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun.② 有時直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語，變爲間接引語時時態可不變。如： He said, “My son was born in 1995.”→He said that his son was born in 1995. (2) 時間狀語的變化。直接引語變間接引語時，有些時間狀語也要相應的改動：
now 現在 then 那時，當時
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
this week (month, year) 本週(本月,今年) that week (month, year) 上週(上個月，去年)
yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天
the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前兩天
last week (month, year) 上週(上個月,去年) the week (month, year) before 前一週(前一個月，前一年)( two days (years) ago 兩天(年)前 two days (years) before 兩天前
tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天
next week (month, year) 下週(下個月,明年) the next week (month, year) 第二個星期(月，年)
He said, “She left yesterday.”→He said that she had left the day said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.”→She said that she would tell me the next said, “It happened two days ago.”→He said that it had happened two days before. 注：以上變化有時應視情況而定，若在當時轉述，now不必改爲then；若在當天轉述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改爲that day, the day before, the next day等；若在當週轉述，this week, last week 不必改爲that week, the last week；若在當年轉述，this year, last year 不必改爲that year, the last year等。(3)
代詞的變化。在直接引語變爲間接引語時，有些代詞也要作相應的變化，如指示代詞this和these通常變爲that和those。有時人稱代詞也要根據情況作適當調整。如：
“I like these better than she does,” he said to me.→He told me that he liked those better than she did.注：若場所和地點不發生改變，this和that也可不變。(4) 地點狀語的變化。主要涉及的地點狀語是here，它在間接引語中通常要變爲there：：“I live here now,” he said.→He said that he lived there then. 【注】若在當地轉述，則here也可不改爲there。 (5) 動詞的變化。直接引語變爲間接引語時，有個別動詞也可能需要改變，如 come 直接引語變爲間接引語時，有個別動詞也可能需要改變，如改爲 go，bring 改爲 take 等：“He will come here today,” she said. →She said that he would go there that day. 注：若地點和場所未發生改變，come和bring等也可不變。
