Passives 被動語態

Passives 被動語態

Passives
We make the passive using ‘be’ – in a suitable tense – and the past participle (‘done’, ‘played’ etc.). We use the passive:
我們形成被動語態的時候要加上be動詞，be動詞要根據上下文選擇時態，然後加上過去分詞(‘done’, ‘played’ 等)，在以下情況下使用被動語態：

1) … when we don’t know, or we are not interested in, who does an action. 當我們不知道或者我們不在乎誰做了該動作，可以用被動語態。
• My car was stolen yesterday.
We don’t know who stole the car.
• A lot of wine is produced in France.
It’s not important who produces the wine.

2) … when the main topic of the sentence isn’t who did the action. 當句子的主題不是誰做了該動作。
• Television was invented in the 1920s by John Logie Baird.
The main topic here is television – we aren’t particularly interested in ‘who’.
• Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
In English we tend to put the Most important thing at the start of the sentence. 在英語裏，我們總是把最重要的事情放在句子的開頭。

3) … more in written English than in spoken English. 在書面英語裏面出現得比口語更多。
• War and Peace was written by Tolstoy.
You often see the passive in textbooks. 你經常在教科書中看到被動語態。
• The mixture is heated to 500˚C.
Scientific texts especially use the passive.
科學類文章特別喜歡用被動語態。

Tenses 時態

The passive can be used with all tenses - the form of ‘be’ changes.
被動語態適用於所有時態中—通過改變be動詞形式來決定時態。
• What is tiramisu made from?. Present Simple.
• The hall is being painted this week so our class will be in a different room. Present Continuous.
• Oranges have been grown here for centuries. Present Perfect.
• When he got home he found that his flat had been burgled. Past Perfect.
• The work won’t be finished until next week. Future Simple.

Modal verbs also use ‘be’ and the past participle. 情態動詞同樣使用be動詞和過去分詞。

• Answers must be written in pencil.
• Competition entrants might be chosen to appear on TV.