年3月高級口譯下半場閱讀（兩篇）解析

下半場閱讀理解第一篇：

本文的大話題是英國福利制度改革，也是我們在新東方高口課堂上反覆提示大家的重點話題。具體來說，本文講述英國的殘疾人福利制度。具體解析如下：

第一段開篇點出本文的矛盾焦點所在：英國的殘疾人是不是過度依賴“multiple benefits”。第二段列舉了一個長期靠呼吸機生活的long-term disabled認爲，很多殘疾人之所以處境悲慘，就是因爲system failure.第三段講到英國將推行PIP制度取代之前的殘疾人生活補貼制度，這就意味着英國的殘疾人將受到評估。第四段講到有很多輕度殘疾的人也能夠享受很多福利政策。文章接下來描述了上文那個殘疾人的生活。

本文後面附上三個題目。第一題請考生描述Dr Stephen Duckworth. 這是我們上課着重練習的定義模板。考生需要寫出此人的身份和他的主要觀點。重點應放在此人的觀點上。

第二題請考生解釋本文第一段中的一個句子。因爲這個考點是對第一段例子的總結，同時也引出文章的話題，所以可以在第一段中進行paraphrase.

第三題是例子功能題。定位在最後一段的結尾。考生基本上總結出最後一段的內容即可。

下半場閱讀理解第二篇：

本文是環保類話題，關鍵詞是geo-engineering。全文如下：

A former Government chief scientist once told me that we should always have a Plan B ready in case Plan A doesn’t work – or doesn’t happen. He was speaking in relation to the possibility of “geo-engineering” the climate if it becomes obvious that global warming is beginning to tip irrevocably towards a potentially dangerous state.

He could only say this once he was out of office of course because the official Government view at the time – as it is now – was that “there is no Plan B” in relation to climate change, that the only conceivable way of avoiding dangerous global temperature increases in the future is to curb the production of greenhouse gas emissions now.

Geo-engineering is defined as the deliberate, large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system in order to limit undesirable climate change, but it is seen by many as a technical fix too far. At its most outlandish, geo-engineering envisages putting giant mirrors in space to deflect incoming solar radiation, but it also includes more benign interventions, such as solar powered “artificial trees” in the desert for soaking up carbon dioxide in the air.

Despite the official view of there being no Plan B, however, last week’s fifth report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has placed geo-engineering firmly on the agenda – even if the scientific panel rather denigrates the idea as probably unworkable and potentially dangerous. Nevertheless, for some critics of geo-engineering the mere mention of the concept in such an official and high-profile publication is enough to see red.

Indeed, the Canadian-based ETC Group of environmentalists, perceived a Russian-led conspiracy to subvert the IPCC process. Russia had insisted on the addition of geo-engineering to the report and it is Russia where many geo-engineering projects are being tested, the ETC Group claims.

Before getting carried away with the inclusion for the first time of geo-engineering in an IPCC report, it is worth pointing out that the panel emphasises the inherent flaws of the proposals to counter rising temperatures. Deflecting sunlight with artificially created white clouds over the oceans, for instance, would do nothing to prevent the acidification of the oceans and, if it had to be stopped for any reason, global surface temperatures would soon rise again even higher than before.

In short, if we rely on a technical fix to combat climate change, rather than addressing the root problem, we could become addicted to the illusion that all is well when, in fact, all that we are doing is delaying the inevitable, while increasing the risk of some serious unintended consequences, which history tells us are never far away from big engineering proposals of this kind.

Take for instance the relatively small-scale geo-engineering project to divert the rivers running into the Aral Sea of the former Soviet Union. Half a century ago the Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world with a thriving commercial fishery, but by 2007 it had declined to about 10 per cent of its original size, with fishing boats stranded in the middle of a toxic salt pan.

Soviet scientists diverted water from two rivers running into the Aral Sea to irrigate fields of cotton and other crops. But in the end they created a barren, dusty landscape where once there was a sea filled with wildlife. Toxins and salt blown from the Aral’s parched basement even threatened the very crops that the project was meant to generate.

So when some people talk about the possibility of “fixing” the climate with technological interventions rather than cuts in carbon dioxide emissions, let’s not forget history. Perhaps HM Government is right: there is no Plan B.

Talking of carbon dioxide, I have just returned from an interesting visit to the Czech Republic where health tourism, rather than being frowned upon, is positively encouraged.

What has this got to do with carbon dioxide, you may ask? Well one of the more curious, if not bizarre “medical” treatments you can buy is a dip in a dry bath of carbon dioxide. For 20 minutes or so you bathe everything below your waist (fully clothed) in an atmosphere of “natural” carbon dioxide pumped from underground sources.

It is said by those who sell it to cure a range of conditions and even acts like a dose of Viagra. Strictly in the interests of science I volunteered. I intend to publish my findings in a peer-reviewed scientific journal – that is if I can find one prepared to overlook my limited set of data points.

本文後附上三個題目：

1. What is geo-engineering? What are the possible international measures of geo-engineering?
2. What are the views of the critics of geo-engineering?
3. Why does the author introduce the small scale geo-engineering project?

從題目中可以看出，本文的中心詞是geo-engineering，文章對geo-engineering還提出了相當的質疑，並提出可以實驗小型geo-engineering。從文章第三段開始，可以找到geo-engineering的定義。接着正好是各國可以採用的手段和人們提出的質疑。文章後三段相熟了小型的geo-engineering。