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高中英語語法填空方法

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語法填空的解題思路是通過語篇在語境中考查語法,我們在解題前就應快速瀏覽短文,把握全文大意,這一步非常重要。下面是本站小編給大家整理的高中英語語法填空方法,供大家參閱!

高中英語語法填空方法
  高中英語語法填空方法:語法填空解題思路

一. 通讀全文,把握大意。

既然是通過語篇在語境中考查語法,我們在解題前就應快速瀏覽短文,把握全文大意,這一步非常重要。

二. 結合語境,試填空格。

讀懂短文之後,要結合短文所提供的特定的上下文環境,從句子結構的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性,再根據句子的結構和意義,以及句子之間的邏輯關係來確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體來說,可按設題類型分爲三類情況:即純空格試題,給出了動詞的試題和詞類轉換題。具體技巧如下:

三. 重讀全文,解決難題,檢查答案。所有空格填好後,要把整篇文章從頭至尾復讀一遍,檢查單詞拼寫,大小寫,詞的單複數等是否正確。

  高中英語語法填空方法:純空格試題的解題技巧

首先,分析句子結構,確定填哪類詞。然後,再根據句子的意思,確定具體填什麼詞;或根據兩句間的邏輯關係確定具體用哪個連詞。確定填哪類詞有以下7個技巧:

技巧1:缺主語或賓語,一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。如:

[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)

解析:and連接前後兩個句子,and後面的句子缺主語,應填名詞或代詞;結合

前一分句,不難推知,“馬上可到達那裏”的是the message,替代the message用代詞it。

練習:①Suddenly the wall moved---______ was made of trees!

②This strategy suggests that teachers have conversations with students to learn about _____.

技巧2:名詞前面是空格,若該名詞無限定詞 (冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、基數詞、序數詞,量詞或不定代詞如some, any, other(s),another等), 則很可能填限定詞。 如:

[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very

anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年廣東高考) 解析:名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞,應當填限定詞;根據句意,這個急性子人

當然是急於使“他的”禾苗長得快,故填形容詞性物主代詞his。

[例3] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___

small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年廣東高考)

解析:因單數可數名詞town前還沒有限定詞,應填限定語;根據句意,是指將

車拉到離那裏大約有20公里遠的一個小鎮上去修理,表示“一個”,用不定冠詞,故填a。

練習:Once a year, people win this prize for _______ work in physics, chemistry,

medicine, literature, economics, or world peace.

技巧3:名詞或代詞前面是空格,而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語,也不作動詞的賓語時,很可能是填介詞

[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. (2007年廣東高考)

解析:因a guest在句中不作主語、表語、動詞的賓語,前面一定是填介詞,使

其成爲該介詞的賓語;又由句意可知,他們“把我當作客人”來接待,表示“當作”,用介詞as。

練習: _____the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of

the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame.

技巧4:若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,可能是填連詞。

[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

解析:因與Pablo Picasso (畢加索)與Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波爾蒂納裏)這兩

個名詞之間沒有連詞,一定是填連詞;兩者是並列關係,應填and.

[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost

instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)

解析:因melted me和gave me兩個動賓短語之間沒有連詞,一定是填連詞;兩

者是並列關係,故填and.

練習: ①Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma, ______ a sum of money.

②Write down everything you eat ______ drink in a given day.

③John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct _____ he needed evidence.

技巧5:若兩句(一個主謂關係算一個句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,則可能填並列連詞或從屬連詞。

[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was

to return to Guangzhou. (2008年廣州一模)

解析:因I wanted to…是一個句子,I was to return…也是一個句子,這兩個句子

之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填連詞;根據句意和兩句之間邏輯關係,可知“參觀這個城市的儘可能多的地方”應是在“返回廣州”之前,故填before。

練習: ①This was very strange ________ the earth was the centre of the solar system

and all planets went round it.

②Many people said he was a bad person __________he invented destructive weapons.

技巧6:若結構較完整,空格後的謂語動詞是原形,特別是與上下文時態不一致或主謂不一致時,很可能是填情態動詞或表示強調或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。

[例9] What is acceptable in one country __31__be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校聯考)

解析:句中What is acceptable in one country是主語從句,空格後的be considered

是謂語;因其中的be是原形,故空格處必定是填情態動詞或助動詞does(由語境可知是一般現在時,主語是第三人稱單數);由句意及作者的語氣可知,需填表示“可能”的情態動詞may。

[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he

______ bring home a regular salary.

解析:這是一個由but連接的並列句,由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時

可知,後一分句的謂語動詞bring也應用一般過去時;可是,bring卻用的是原形,既與語境的時態不附,也與主語he不一致,該句不是倒裝句,因此,此處必定是填情態動詞或表示強調的助動詞did;由句意和作者的語氣推測,應當填對謂語表示強調的助動詞did(的確)

練習: ①They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was

special and _____ be the centre of the solar system.

②To their credit, the four countries ____ work together in some areas.

技巧7:由特殊的句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞。

(1)由it is…that…強調結構形式,判斷填it還是that。如:

[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she

couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年廣州一模)

解析:由句式結構可知,本句爲強調句,應填it。

(2)由倒裝句式判斷,是填構成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等,還是填do, does, did等。如:

[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

解析:由can you expect to…可知,這是倒裝句,根據構成倒裝的條件可知,應

填副詞only,因爲“only +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒裝。

(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格處是否填it。如:

[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two

world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)

解析:由句式結構可知,這是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型,本句的不定式

to steal paintings是真正的主語,空格處填形式主語it。

[例14] Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not

interested in. (2008年惠州二模)

解析:由句式結構可知,to avoid…是真正的賓語,easy是賓補,空格處應填作

形式賓語的it。

(4)so /such…that…句型。如:

[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (謀劃對付)

the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)

解析:由句式結構可知,這是so…that…句型,應填that。

(5)more…than… (與其說……不如說……,比……更……)句型。如:

[例16] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a

manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳寶安期末)

解析:由句式結構可知,這是more…than…句型,故填than。句意是與經理所給

的報酬相比,僱員更銘記於心的是他的關心。

  高中英語語法填空方法: 給出了動詞的試題的解題技巧

首先,判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然後按以下兩點進行思考。

技巧8:若句中沒有別的謂語動詞,或者雖然已有謂語動詞,但需填的動詞與之是並列關係時,所給動詞就是謂語動詞;若是謂語動詞,就要考慮時態語態。

[例17] His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other

children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)

解析:因主語His fear of failure後沒有別的謂語動詞,需填的動詞應爲謂語動詞;

因主語與keep是主動關係,應用主動語態;由從句謂語動詞played可知,要用一般過去時,故填kept。

[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年廣州一模)

解析:雖然句中已有謂語動詞declined,但由and walked可知,所填詞與declined

和walked是並列關係,所以也用一般過去式closed。

[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)

解析:因主語three people與take是被動關係,即三個人被送進醫院,故用被動

語態;由were treated可知,要用一般過去時,故填were taken。

技巧9:若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是並列謂語時,所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用—ing形式、—ed形式,還是用不定式形式,確定的方法主要有:

(1)作主語或賓語,通常用—ing形式表示習慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體的情況。如:

[例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

(2007年佛山一模)

解析:因it是形式主語,後面用不定式作真正的主語,故填to memorize。

[例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

解析:句中已有謂語won’t make,所以speak應爲非謂語動詞;謂語前面應爲主

語,作主語,表示一般情況,要用動名詞短語,故填Speaking。

(2)作目的狀語或者在形容詞後的作狀語,一般用不定式。如:

[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

解析:因句中已有謂語will have to work,所以complete應爲非謂語動詞;因“(爲

了)按計劃完成這項工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時”的目的,作目的狀語,用動詞不定式,故填To complete。

[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are

very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)

解析:因在形容詞likely後作狀語,要用動詞不定式,故填to succeed。

(3)作伴隨狀語,常用分詞,與邏輯主語是主動關係,用現在分詞,是被動關係,用過去分詞。如:

[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”

(2008年東莞一模)

解析:句中已有謂語saw,所給動詞與saw不是並列關係,應當是非謂語動詞;

又因He與say是主動關係,故填saying作伴隨狀語。

[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests. 解析:句中已有謂語went,而follow又不是與之並列的,故爲非謂語動詞;又

因the headmaster與follow是被動關係,故用過去分詞followed作伴隨狀語。

(4)不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分,若判斷需要用分詞,與邏輯主語是主動關係用—ing形式,是被動關係用—ed形式。如:

[例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film.

(2008年廣州二模)

解析:因a meeting與start是主動關係,用現在分詞短語作定語,補充說明a

meeting,故填starting。

[例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other

people. (廣東考試說明)

解析:因句中已有謂語can help,所以learn應爲非謂語動詞;又因lesson與learn

是被動關係,要用過去分詞短語作定語,故填learned。

  高中英語語法填空方法:詞類轉換題的解題技巧

根據該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有:

技巧10:作表語、定語或補語,通常用形容詞形式。如:

[例28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from

his big blue eyes.

解析:因在系動詞felt後作表語,用形容詞,故填silent。

[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they

learnt to…

解析:在冠詞與名詞之間,要用形容詞,作定語,故填dangerous。

[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest)

in the subject

解析:因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語,用形容詞;表示“感

興趣”,填interested.

技巧11:作主語、在及物動詞或介詞後作賓語,用名詞形式。如:

[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are

mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

解析:在時間狀語從句中,要求填的詞作主語,China’s ancient scientific and

technological是主語的定語;作主語要用名詞,又由are可知,主語是複數,故填achievements。

[例32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their

work.

(2007年茂名二模)

解析:在句中作及物動詞have made的賓語,要用名詞形式;表示“作貢獻”,其前面沒有不定冠詞時,習慣上用複數,故填contributions。

[例33] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the

reading… (2008年三校聯考)

解析:因with是介詞,在介詞後作賓語,要用名詞,故填information。

技巧12:在形容詞性物主代詞後,或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”後,用名詞形式。如:

[例34] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to

those found elsewhere. (2008年廣州二模)

解析:在形容詞性物代詞(their)後應當用名詞,故填similarities。

[例35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does

involve a certain amount of activity.

解析:在冠詞後,要用名詞,故填operation。

技巧13:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。如:

[例36] As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模) 解析:修飾動詞looked,作狀語,用副詞,故填closely。

[例37] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)

解析:要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong,作狀語,用副詞,故填seriously。

[例38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy

lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)

解析:修飾because引導的原因狀語從句,修飾整個句子,作狀語,用副詞,故填mainly。

技巧14:括號中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉換,詞類不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需根據句子意思及前後邏輯關係,在詞根前加un—, im—等,在詞根後加—less等。如:

[例39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).

解析:作表語要用形容詞;又由句意可知,作者是表達“沒有什麼知識是無用的”,

故填useless。

[例40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

解析:在名詞前作定語,仍用形容詞形式;但根據句意可知,錯誤是引起不必要

的麻煩事,故填unnecessary。

技巧15:括號中所給動詞也不一定是考動詞的時態語態或非謂語動詞,而是考詞類轉換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能是考查其比較等級。如:

[例41]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)… (2008年廣州一模)

解析:儘管attract是動詞,但這是考查詞類轉換的;在句中作介詞about的賓語,

用名詞,故填attraction。

[例42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even

___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

解析:聯繫前句,又有even(更加)的提示,可知這裏用比較級,故填harder。

[例43]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s

border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.

The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模)

解析:結合前段內容,特別是the的提示,可知要用bad的最高級worst,表示“最嚴重的”。

3. 重讀全文,解決難題。

在解題過程中要先易後難,難題在大部分空格填好後,再經過仔細推敲,難題也就不會再難了。所有空格填好後,把整篇文章從頭至尾復讀一遍。

練一練

2010廣東高考語法填空

A

A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring

man (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,

(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The a happy heart.

(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,

(sweet).

Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.

練習答案

A本文通過以爲學生給老師送水的故事說明,無論禮物是一個便宜的菸斗,還是一條鑽石項鍊,我們都應表示欣賞與感激,因爲這根禮物裏包含着深深的愛意。

1. The 作主語的名詞water前應填限定詞;特指前面提到的clear water,應填the

因空格前後都是句子,且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞,故一定填關聯詞;由句意和邏輯可知,“這個長者是他的老師”,可判斷空格後這個句子是一個定語從句,先行詞是an elder,從句中卻主語;替代先行詞且在定語從句中作主語,應用who引導定語從句。

ented 動詞“贈予”,在主語the young man後,應是謂語動詞;由語境,即上下文的謂語動詞的時態可知,用一般過去式,

ly 修飾動詞smiled,做狀語,用副詞形式。

名詞a happy heart 在句中不作主語,也不做動詞的賓語,就應是作介詞的賓語,空格處應填介詞; 由句意可知,是指這個年輕人“帶着”愉快的心情回家,表示“帶着”用with,介詞短語with a happy heart 作伴隨狀語,修飾謂語went

her 作let賓語的明此前,應填限定詞;相對與送水的這個學生(the student)來說,應是給他的“另外一個”學生嘗一嘗,古用another

ng 因劇終已有謂語動詞spit了,而say前又沒有並列連詞,所以say應爲非謂語動詞;he 與say是主動關係,故用現在分詞doing作伴隨狀語

及物動詞like後缺賓語,應填代詞;由語境可知,是指代前面提到的水(the water)

ter 在be後作表語,用形容詞而括號中所給的sweet正是形容詞因此無需詞性轉化,可想到用其比較級;根據句意“什麼也不會比這更甜”即“這是世界上最甜的東西”這是省略了than the water的隱形比較級,故用sweeter,在此用比較級形式表示最高級涵義。

因空格前後是句子,且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞,故一定是填關聯詞,根據兩句之間的邏輯關係,填表示“在……的時候”的

B

考查關係詞。先行詞是the rich man 在定語從句在做主語,關係詞用who。

32.a 考查冠詞。第一次提到stone,表泛指用不定冠詞a。

考查時態。講述的該故事用過去時態,所以用hid。

her 考查代詞。下文提到兩次another表示“另一個,又一個”。

考查代詞。代指前面的the stone,所以用人稱代詞it做賓語。

ng 考查非謂語動詞。say與he之間是主動關係,所以用saying。say to oneself“自言自語”。

be 考查時態。即將黑天,所以用將來時態。下文句子用了兩次將來時態。

ngth 考查名詞。前面是物主代詞,所以用名詞strength。

t 考查形容詞。was後面缺表語用形容詞great。

r 考查介詞。短語under the stone “在石頭下面”。注意大寫。