衝刺四級高分：仔細閱讀解題技巧（一）

一、 題型透析

本部分考查形式爲：包括兩篇短文，每篇短文約310~410詞，每篇短文後有5個問題。

四級考試中閱讀理解的體裁多樣，包括議論文、說明文、記敘文等，其中以說明文（約佔47%）和議論文（約佔42%）居多。

閱讀理解的題材主要涉及文化、教育、歷史、文學、風俗習慣、社會學、心理學、經濟學和科普類等。

從近幾年的真題來看，

科普類的文章約佔50%，

社會生活方面的文章約佔25%，

教育、經濟和文化等方面的文章約佔25%。

二、 2大常考題型

大學英語四級考試閱讀理解題型大體上可分爲細節題和非細節題。

下面我們就對這兩大類題型的特徵分別進行詳細的介紹。

1. 細節題

這類題側重考查考生對短文中某一特定細節內容的理解，可分爲事實題、推理題和語義題。

事實題測試考生獲取說明主題的事實和細節的能力，其內容多涉及人物、地點、原因、數字等。

推理題測試考生根據閱讀材料表層意義推斷其隱含意義的能力，要求考生根據上下文的邏輯關係，有理有據地推斷出正確答案。

語義題測試考生對閱讀材料中的關鍵詞語及某些句子的理解能力，尤其是根據上下文猜測詞彙和句子特殊含義的能力。

例 (四級真題）
Alex Pang’s amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When we’re not online, where we spend four months annually, we’re engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. It’s a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A “professional futurist”, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative (沉思的) computing.” He asks that you pay full attention to “how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology.”
Pang’s first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done. What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesn’t advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (生態的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder.”
The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor-often for the worse. For architects, computer-aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking…and drawing is a more productive way of thinking” than computer-aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pang’s solutions for kicking the Internet habit. He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath (安息日)”. “Unless you’re a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you’ll discover that your world doesn’t fall apart when you go offline.”

1. Alex Pang’s new book is aimed for readers who ¬______.
A) find their work online too stressful
B) go online mainly for entertainment
C) are fearful about using the cellphone or computer
D) can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet

2. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?
A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.
B) Warn people of the possible dangers of Internet use.
C) Predict the trend of future technological development.
D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.

3. What is the common view on multitasking?
A) It enables people to work more efficiently.
B) It is in a way quite similar to switch-tasking.
C) It makes people’s work and life even harder.
D) It distracts people’s attention from useful work.

4. What does the author think of computer-aided design?
A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.
B) It somewhat restrains architects’ productive thinking.
C) It is indispensable in architects’ work process.
D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.

5. What is Alex Pang’s recommendation for Internet users?
A) They use the Internet as little as possible.
B) They keep a record of their computer use time.
C) They exercise self-control over their time online.
D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.

這篇文章所設的五道題均爲細節題，1、2和3是事實題，4、5是推理題。

從這幾道題的答案我們可以發現此類題的普遍特徵，即題幹中的某些詞語和表達方式與原文中的詞語和表達方式相吻合，

這表明了原文中與問題相關的地方，考生可以直接查找；

同時，另一些問題則需要考生在理解原文的基礎上進行推理才能得出。

2. 非細節題
這類題側重考查考生對短文整體內容的把握，主要包括主旨題和態度題。

主旨題測試考生對文章主題及中心思想的把握能力。

態度題測試考生領會作者的語氣、態度、情感傾向的能力。

例(四級真題）
Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art，dance and music.
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity（陽剛）， the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype， a US study says.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness，rather than feeling they had to conform to the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.
The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little，headmaster of Eton，warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

Q: What does Tony Little say about the British education system?
A) It fails more boys than girls academically.
B) It focuses more on mixed school education.
C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.
D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

本題是觀點態度題。

定位句指出：伊頓中學的校長託尼•雷特警告說，男孩子們正在被忽視，因爲英國的教育體制太過重視女孩子。

本句中的being failed意爲“被忽視”。

由此可見，英國的教育體制沒能給男孩子足夠的重視，故答案爲C)。
 

持續更新，敬請期待~

相關閱讀：

衝刺四級高分：閱讀選詞解題技巧（上）

衝刺四級高分：閱讀選詞解題技巧（下）

衝刺四級高分：仔細閱讀解題技巧（三）