託福閱讀得分比實際高，託福容錯率分析

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託福閱讀中存在一定的容錯率，也就是即使做錯了題目，也有可能不會被扣分。不過很多同學對於這個容錯率的概念缺乏瞭解，並不清楚具體信息，也常會問出託福閱讀25分能做幾個之類的問題。下面小編就結合數據爲大家做詳細介紹講解。

託福閱讀得分比實際高，託福容錯率分析

託福閱讀25分容錯率觀點羅列

託福閱讀25分錯幾個?網上有這麼幾種不同的觀點：

A：保證託福閱讀25分以上最多錯6-8個;

B：在總題目44-45分的基礎上，對39個錯5-6個，託福閱讀就可以拿到25分;

C：也有人說在沒有空題的情況下可以錯3-6個;

D：要看題目難度和考生整體水平即平均分，每次考試容差率不同。

以上幾種觀點到底是否準確呢?

稍安勿躁。這裏，先給大家普及一下，什麼是容錯率。託福閱讀容錯率就是指根據題目的難度允許錯卻不扣分的題目。一般來說除了最後一道題，容錯率爲一題。

結合數據分析託福閱讀容錯率

我們都知道，託福閱讀有三篇文章，總共42道題。除每篇文章的最後一題每題2分之外，其他題目都是每題一分。所以說託福閱讀部分的原始總分是45分。而原始分與最終成績之間有個對應關係。如表格所示：

根據上面表格的分數對應關係，託福閱讀如果想要拿到25分，原始分就要拿到39分，那麼，同學們想要拿到39分的原始分，至多可以錯幾道題呢?

託福閱讀25分容錯率情況詳細解讀

首先，在每篇文章最後一道題全部作對的情況下，原始分要39分那麼基礎題可以錯6道題，也就是說在這種情況下託福閱讀25分錯6個題目。

其次，在每篇文章最後一道題全部做錯的情況下，已經扣6分，原始分得分爲39分，轉換成最終成績恰好是25分。在這種情況下託福閱讀25分只能錯3道大題，基礎題一道都不能錯。

第三種就是比較複雜的情況了。三道“6選3”大題，如果其中一道題選錯一個選項即扣一分，而其他兩道題沒錯，那麼錯5個基礎題就能拿到託福閱讀25分;如果錯兩個選項此題沒法即扣兩分，其他兩道題沒錯，那麼錯4個基礎題也能拿到託福閱讀25分。

三道題中一題全對、一題全錯、一題錯一個選項，或者是每題選錯一個選項，都要扣3分，那麼基礎題則錯3個託福閱讀即可得25分。以此類推，想要託福閱讀25分，原始分必須爲39分，錯3-6個題，所以說最多可錯6道題。

託福閱讀真題100篇原文+題目1

PASSAGE 17

Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.

When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.

In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.

(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.

(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.

2. The word They in line 2 refers to

(A) aviculturists

(B) birds

(D) rates

3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler

than the top, then

(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation

(B) the embryo will not develop normally

(D) the incubation process is slowed down

4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to

(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick

(B) hold the nest together

(D) make the nest bigger

5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to

(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest

(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest

(D) touch the bottom of the eggs

6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT

(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest

(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest

(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell

7. The word suspend in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) build

(B) paint

(D) move

8. The word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) close

(B) deadly

(D) hot

9. The word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) fresh

(B) dry

(D) warm

10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides

(A) a constant source of humidity

(B) a strong nest box

(D) protection against cold weather

11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?

(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.

(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly

(D) They are expensive to operate.

12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) Aviculturists (line 1)

(B) gradient (line 8)

(D) embryo (line 22)

託福閱讀真題100篇原文+題目2

PASSAGE 18

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.

Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.

During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliff Céol lege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.

Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on great men. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The role of literature in early American histories

(B) The place of American women in written histories

(D) The great women approach to history used by American historians

2. The word contemporary in line 6 means that the history was

(A) informative

(B) written at that time

(D) faultfinding

3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that

(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage

(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored

(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women

4. The word celebratory in line 12 means that the writings referred to were

(A) related to parties

(B) religious

(D) full of praise

5. The word they in line 12 refers to

(A) efforts

(B) authors

(D) sources

6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point

out?

(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities

(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.

(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.

7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely

have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?

(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results

(B) Biographies of John Adams

(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college

8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger

Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?

(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia

(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.

(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.

9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century great women EXCEPT

(A) authors

(B) reformers

(D) politicians

10. The word representative in line 29 is closest in meaning to

(A) typical

(B) satisfied

(D) distinctive

託福閱讀真題100篇原文+題目3

PASSAGE 19

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.

In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms.

Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.

(B) The evolution of cities in North America

(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.

2. The word they in line 4 refers to

(A) North American colonies

(B) cities

(D) town economies

3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the

following?

(A) Their economic success

(B) The type of merchandise they exported

(D) The pace of their development

4. The word accordingly in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) as usual

(B) in contrast

(D) for that reason

5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of

North America due to

(A) an abundance of natural resources

(B) financial support from colonial governments

(D) a favorable climate

6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of

the following for shipment to Europe?

(A) Manufacturing equipment

(B) Capital goods

(D) Raw materials

7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the

growth of southern cities EXCEPT the

(A) location of the plantations

(B) access of plantation owners to shipping

(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations

8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern

cities were

(A) more prosperous

(B) smaller

(D) tied less closely to England than to France

9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(D) planned

10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) attracting

(B) employing

(D) representing

11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of

(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth

(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade

(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states

答案：BBDDC DCBCA C

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