初中英語寫作方法
NMET書面表達評分標準“最高檔”要求：“應用了較多的語法結構或詞彙;語法結構或詞彙方面有少許錯誤，但爲盡力使用較複雜結構或較高級詞彙所致;有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結構緊湊。”從歷年書面表達高分文章來看，每篇文章都有“亮”點，即在用詞、造句或段落安排上都有獨到之處。
要想獲得高分就應在“正確”表達的基礎上寫出自己的特色，寫出自己的“亮”點。
一、詞彙選擇——標新立異
在寫作中“較高級詞彙”的使用主要是指使用《大綱》上沒有的詞語、使用通過構詞法變化來的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來代替常見詞語。
1)這棟房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。
A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.
B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.
分析:is in是常見詞語，而situates in則是《大綱》上沒有的，屬於高級詞彙。
2)在週末我們做很多作業。
A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
分析:B句在表達時沒有使用過於直接的a lot of，而是使用了endless。endless就是由《大綱》詞彙end加後綴-less變化來的。
3)洗澡間和廚房都很好。
A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
在表達要點時，B句使用了well furnished,這比good語氣強，也顯得生動。
在造句時,“較高級詞彙”如能運用貼切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一個，也會使你的作文顯示出與衆不同。
二、結構造句——與衆不同
在造句時,既要使句子生動，又要使其簡明扼要。
1、使用與人不同的表達方式，特別是提倡打破漢語句子結構的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。
1)唐山曾在二十世紀八十年代發生過一次大地震。
A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.
B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.
大多數同學使用了there be結構，這是對的，但是B句卻摒棄了常見句式。另闢蹊徑而使用了“主語+謂語+賓語”結構，且使用了terrible,hit/strike這樣的詞彙，更是難能可貴的。
2)你八月十五日的來信我今天早晨收到了。
A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多數人使用的方式)
B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(與多數人使用的方式不同,簡潔)
2.使用一些強勢句式，如強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強語句的表現力。如：
3)阿福救了我妹妹。
A: Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)
B: It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(強調句式)
4)我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長勢喜人很是高興。
A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陳述句)
B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感嘆句)
3、句式多樣,複雜得體。在寫作中應避免使用相同長度的相同句型，而應注意句式的變化，如長短句結合，簡單句、並列句與複合句共用，還可使用簡化句等;一些較複雜的結構如獨立主格，分詞結構等也可使用。下面的表達中A句簡單句多，而且多處使用there be結構，顯得單調、乏味，而B句就有自己的特色(請同學們自己分析)。
5)這是一套25平方米的住房，住房裏面有臥室、有洗澡間、有廚房;臥室裏有牀、沙發、桌子和椅子等。
A: It's a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.
B: It's a flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
三、佈局謀篇——獨具匠心
在寫作中，我們可按時間、空間或其它邏輯順序來安排各要點，同時爲使主題突出,結構嚴謹，我們應注意學習和使用交代句以及段落的主題句等。在佈局謀篇上，NMET2002範文堪稱典範。請看：
Opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardens and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.
1)該文使用Opinions are divided...作交代句，開門見山，隨後兩個段落均使用了主題句(見黑體字部分)，使全文結構緊湊，表達嚴謹。
2)在表述要點時範文還對要點出場順序作了調整，如“40%的同學認爲應收門票，但不宜過高。”前部分作爲主題句放在句首，而後部分另起一句放在句末：They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.這樣就分清了輕重緩急，主題突出，條理清楚。
3)範文使用了and, what is more, however等連詞，在段落之間使用了on the other hand(說明前後兩個觀點是相悖的)，這些連接手段的運用加強了句子之間、段落之間的聯繫，使文章表達連貫，渾然一體。
4)範文在第二段爲說明不收門票的“原因”時增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等細節，這也是解決句與句之間缺少連貫性的常見方法。
總之，要想使自己的文章有亮點，吸引讀者，在考試中獲得高分，就應在用詞、造句、謀篇上下功夫，哪怕是有一處特長都是“亮”點，都是值得肯定的。
初中英語作文寫作方法：
一、掌握常用過渡性詞語
敘事文常用的句子間連接詞
at first; at last; in the end…
then / next/ after that…
when / while/as soon as/not… until…
at the same time; at times; once in a while;
so that
To one’s surprise/joy
Luckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately…
in a word/in all
議論文常用連接詞
表示並列：either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not only…but also;
表示遞進的：besides; what’s more; what’s worse; (moreover);
表示原因的：because; for…; because of…; thanks to…; (for the reason that…);
表示結果的：so; as a result; so…that…; therefore;
表示目的的：so that…; in order that…; (in order) to…; for…;
表示對比的：while; on the one hand + on the other hand; Each coin has two sides.; prefer…to…; would rather do…than do…;
表示轉折的：however; but;
表示舉例的：for example; for instance; such as…; like…; that is to say…
表示總結的：in all/short; in a word; in brief/ total; last but not least; last;
表示利弊的：be good/bad for sb.; be harmful to sb.; do harm to sb.; …have great/much influence on sb.; sth. benefit sb.; sb. benefit from sth. affect; have an effect on sb.;
表示喜愛的：love/like/enjoy…; be fond of…; be interested in…; show great interest in…; lose oneself in…; put one’s heart into…; be good at; be poor at; be weak in;
表達個人想法的：
I think/believe…; (as) for me; in my opinion/view; as a student; from the bottom of my heart; personally;
其他：
in general; generally speaking; to be short; to be honest; to tell the truth; as we know; make up one’s mind to do; in a way;
二、記住作文萬能句式
I will work hard to make my dream come true.
I hope your dream will come true one day.
It takes sb. +時間+to do…
Sb. spend(某種人稱時態)+時間/錢+on sth./ (in) doing sth.
It’s important/necessary/useful/useless/common…(for sb.) to v…
It’s nice/kind of sb. to v..
It’s time for sb. to do sth.
It’s a waste of time to…
It’s …years/days since sb. +ved
It’s great fun to do=sb. have great fun doing
It’s a pity that…
It’s an honor to…
I’m/We’re not allowed to …
I’m afraid of making mistakes…
There be …doing…
Great changes have taken place in…
sth is/are well worth v-ing.
It seems/seemed that…
It seems (im)possible to v…
It is said that…
As the saying goes, …
…and …. are different in many ways.
too + adj./adv. to do
There are many differences between … and …
I have made up my mind to …
I am sure that…
I am not sure whether/if…
I would rather …. than …
It doesn’t matter if…
Thank you for v-ing.
If everyone can make a contribution to the earth/ nature/ society, our life will be better and better.
have/look for a chance to do
do outdoor activities
be/get used to (doing) sth.
learn…from…
be proud of/ take pride in…
play an important/active part/role in…
agree with sb. to do sth.
with the help of sb.=with one’s help
(反義：without one’s help)
be/get ready to do sth.= be/ get ready for sth.
pay attention to…
take good care of …
make friends with…
get on/along well with …
wish you successful/success
as time goes by…
graduate from…
looking back to the past three years,…(用現在完成時態)
pass the (final) exam
stick to doing
keep you mind on your goals
make up one’s mind to do sth. (on sth.)
make a decision to do
work hard at English
once in a while/ at times/ now and then
from then on
in the future(將來)/ in future(從今以後)
increase our knowledge
in fact/as a matter of fact
in the beginning/ at first
feel like giving up
have trouble/difficulty in (doing) sth.
have (no) time to do
have experience in (doing) sth.
follow one’s advice/suggestions
master some basic … skills
be required to do
ask sb. for help
can’t wait to do
be supposed to do
encourage sb. to do
deal/do with …
work out/solve the problems
all sorts/kinds of…
at home and abroad
one of …
be full of…
learn sth. by oneself
come up with good ideas
be surprised at sth.(to do sth.)
in order to
keep healthy/fit
a good way to v…
keep (on) trying
worry about…/ be worried about…
in one’s spare/free time
be kind/friendly to
be strict with
help others
say thank you to…
have fun/enjoy oneself/have a good time
plenty of +C/U
worry about/be worried about
ask sb. for help/ turn to sb. for help/call sb. for help
be popular with…
share sth. with sb.
know little/much about …
作文萬能短語
do/try one’s best to v…
be/feel sorry for…
help sb. (to) do sth./ with sth.
in/during class
before/after class
teach sb. to do sth.
wish you successful/success
as time goes by…
graduate from…
looking back to the past three years,…(用現在完成時態)
pass the (final) exam
stick to doing
keep you mind on your goals
make up one’s mind to do sth. (on sth.)
make a decision to do
work hard at English
once in a while/ at times/ now and then
from then on
in the future(將來)/ in future(從今以後)
increase our knowledge/ enlarge our vocabulary
in fact/as a matter of fact
in the beginning/ at first
feel like giving up
have trouble/difficulty in (doing) sth.
have (no) time to do
have experience in (doing) sth.
follow one’s advice/suggestions
master some basic … skills
be required to do
ask sb. for help
can’t wait to do
be supposed to do
encourage sb. to do
deal/do with …
work out/solve the problems
all sorts/kinds of…
at home and abroad
one of …
be full of…
learn sth. by oneself
come up with good ideas
be surprised at sth.(to do sth.)
in order to
keep healthy/fit
a good way to v…
keep (on) trying
worry about…/ be worried about…
in one’s spare/free time
be kind/friendly to
be strict with
help others
say thank you to…
have fun/enjoy oneself/have a good time
plenty of +C/U
worry about/be worried about
ask sb. for help/ turn to sb. for help/call sb. for help
be popular with…
share sth. with sb.
know little/much about …
do/try one’s best to v…
be/feel sorry for…
help sb. (to) do sth./ with sth.
in/during class
before/after class
teach sb. to do sth.
三、熟悉寫作步驟：
1 審題：審清作文體裁(類型)時態、人稱等細節;
2 列提綱(文章結構框架)：分幾段，以及每段大體內容;
3 寫作：在提綱的基礎上補充要點;
4 複查：2遍——1遍看查拼寫、語法、標點等問題;2遍不出聲讀查，靠語感檢查語句是否通順、連貫等;
5 謄抄：不允許做任何的更改。
總之做到三審：體裁、時態、人稱;
三思：詞彙—>短語—>句式;
三查：要點、拼寫和語法、連貫。
作文一般框架：文章分3段：
(1)綜述：概括性強，最多2句話引入主題;
(2)正文——主要內容：層次性強，一定要有過渡型連接詞。最多展開3 個方面，每個方面最多2句話;
(3)結尾：緊扣主題，2句話內結束，儘量昇華。
四、學會列作文提綱：
例一：利弊型作文——Microblog的利與弊
Para1: (綜述)with the development of internet… more and more popular…
Para2: (利)First, convenient, anywhere, any time; Second, share… with…; Last, express views free, money-free…
Para3: (弊)However, one coin has two faces. On the one hand, a waste of time——affect study; On the other hand, not safe——stolen, hurt feelings
Para4: (個人)As a student, make good use of it.
例二：計劃安排型作文——談假期安排
Para1: (綜述)graduate from…, holiday is coming, plan for this holiday
Para2: (正文)Firstly, study comes first. make preparations for the first senior year; Secondly, visit tourist attractions; Last but not least, do sports to build up my body.
Para3: I am sure I’ll have a meaningful holiday. (I’m looking forward to the coming holiday.) (I can’t wait to enjoy my summer vocation.)
例三：圖表、數字比例型作文
(提出討論或調查的事實)Last week, our class had a class meeting on (how to)… Here are the results.
(表達出不同看法或觀點)Most students think … While … 20% of them choose to…. Another 15 believe… There are also some… saying that… (表達個人看法) As a student, I agree to…
例四： 說明利弊型作文
Nowadays … is becoming more and more popular.
It has many advantages . First, 優點1… Besides, 優點2…
However, every coin has two sides. It also brings us bad influences.
On the one hand, 缺點1… On the other hand, 缺點2…
In my opinion,個人觀點 …
例五：不同觀點型
We made a survey about whether we should …提出矛盾問題. Different people hold different ideas.
Some believe …正方觀點. First, 原因1… Besides, 原因2…
While others don’t agree. They think…反方觀點. On the one hand, 原因1… On the other hand, 原因2…
As for me,個人觀點 …
例六： 解決問題型
Recently, the … problem has been more and more serious. …should do something to solve it.
Firstly, 方法1… Secondly, 方法2… Finally, 方法3…
I am sure if everyone can make a contribution to …, the … will become better and better.
掌握了以上的寫作方法和技巧，經過反覆的寫作磨練，我相信，參加中考的學子們一定會在中考中寫出一篇能夠展示內心世界的美麗的英語作文。
