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英語總動員不可忽略的數詞

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英語中的數詞包括基數詞和序數詞兩大類,它們的用法非常複雜,接下來,小編給大家準備了英語總動員不可忽略的數詞,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

英語總動員不可忽略的數詞

一、基本構成

(一)基數詞——從1數到N

1.1—12的基數詞是獨立的單詞,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。

2.13—19的基數詞以-teen結尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18較特殊, 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。

3.20—90的整十位均以-ty結尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊, 20—twenty, 30—thirty, 40—forty ,50—fifty ,80—eighty。

4.十位數與個位數之間要加連字符號“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。

5.百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight ,406—four hundred and six。

red(百),thousand(千),million(百萬),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數詞,也不能在它們的後面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百萬—eight million。

7.1000以上的數字,從後往前數每三位加一個逗號“,”第一個逗號前爲千(thousand),第二個逗號前爲百萬(million),第三個逗號前爲billion(十億)。英語中無“萬”這個詞,我們可以用“幾十個千(thousand)”表示幾萬,“幾百個千(thousand)”表示“幾十萬”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。

red,thousand,million用複數形式修飾名詞時要用“of+複數名詞”,如:數以百計的年輕人hundreds of young people;數以千計的書thousands of books。注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +複數名詞,其前面不能加具體的數詞,但可加several或 many。

Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.

Thousands upon thousands of people in South Africa are rising against their oppressors.

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.

Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.

(二)序數詞——由基數詞轉變而來,表示“這是第N個”

1.口訣巧記基數詞變序數詞:“一、二、三,特殊記,八去“t”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,見“y”變成“i”和“e”,詞尾加上“th”,若是遇到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分別:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth。

2其餘情況均在基數詞後加th。如: six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。

3.序數詞有時用縮寫形式:

first----1st, twenty—second-------22th.

二、基本用法

(一)基數詞的基本用法

1.定語

Fifty thousand London dockers are out on strike.

2.主語

數詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

如: Two months is quite a long time.

Five is an odd number.

3.賓語或介詞賓語

How many do you want? -----Eight, please.

The city has a population of four million.

4.表語

We are altogether fourteen.

Five plus seven is twelve.

5.同位語

What work are you to assign us three?

Is there room for us two?

6.基數詞+單數名詞+形容詞構成合成形容詞。如:一個五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy;一座800米長的橋an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay1 race。

7.句型:主語+is +about(大約)/ over =more than(超過)/nearly(接近)+具體數詞+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:長江長6300公里。

The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.

8.表示“。。。。。。十”的數詞的複數形式可以用來表示人的歲數或年代:

He is in his early thirties.

He died still in his forties.

This took place in the 1930s.

(二)序數詞的基本用法

1.序數詞主要用作定語,前面一般要加定冠詞(或物主代詞):

Tom is their second son.

They celebrated2 the 10th anniversary of the founding of the republic.

I will never give up, not even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.

2.有時前面可以加一個不定冠詞來表示“再一”, “又一”這樣的意思:

We’ll have to do it a second time.

Shall I ask him a third time?

When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.

t,second 等有時可用來表示“第一個人(批)”“第二個人”等:

She was among the first to come and settle in Dujiashan.

You will be the second to speak.

4.如果數字較長,序數詞總避免使用,而且讀的方法也常常簡化:

第201房間: Room 201

第319面: page 319

第一拖拉機廠:the Number I Tractor Works

第六號車廂:Carriage No.6

南京路1490號:1490 Nanjing Road

電話號碼55――2347:telephone number : 55—2347

5. 在談編了號的東西時,我們可以用基數詞表示順序:

the first part------part one

the third squad------squad three

the twenty-third section----section twenty-three

三、特殊數字的表示法

(一)年 月 日表示法

1. 年代 年代前用 in.

( in ) 897 讀作 ( in ) eight hundred and ninety-seven

( in ) 1961 讀作 ( in ) nineteen sixty-one (或 in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)

( in ) 1905 讀作(in ) nineteen and five

( in ) 1800 讀作( in ) eighteen hundred

2. 月份 月份開頭第一個字母須大寫,表示“在某月”時, 月份前面用 in。下面月份後附有縮寫式。

( in ) January Jan. ( in ) March Mar3. ( in ) December Dec.

3. 日期 用序數詞(前需要加the)表示; “ 在某日”, 前面用介詞on.

( on ) the first ( on ) the eighteenth ( on ) the thirty-second

4. 某年 某月 某日

in Sep. 1954 on May 17, 1960 on Oct. 1, 1949(讀作on October the first, nineteen forty-nine)

注:當年月日完全用數字表示時, 美國人把月放在日前。 8,6,79在英國表示June the eighth (79年6月8日), 但是在美國卻表示August the sixth (79年8月6日)。

(二)時刻表示法

1.英語通常用at所引導的表示時刻。如:

( at ) six or six o’clock

( at ) eight or eight o’clock

2.如說幾點幾分,用下面的方法

a)表示幾點過幾分,用介詞, 但分數須在半小時以內包括半小時。如:

eleven past seven

a quarter past eight

half past nine

b)表示幾點差幾分,用介詞to, 但分數需要在半小時以上不包括半小時。 如:

two to seven

a quarter to eight

eighteen to nine

注:上午可以用am表示,下午用pm表示,例如:

9.50am 11.05pm

(三)分數詞表示法

1.分數詞是以基數詞和序數詞合成的,基數詞代表分子,序數詞代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情況外,序數詞都是用複數,(分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,分子大於“1”,分母則加“s”)如:

1/4 one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths

2.另外還有下面一些表示法:

1/2 (one) a half 1/4 a (one ) quarter 3/4 three-quarters

(四)小數的表示法

7.8 ------seven point eight

0.4---------zero point four

0.125----- zero point one two five

603.09---six hundred and three point oh nine

小數作定語時較多:

Its total industrial output value was up 5.6 times in these years.

Our grain output is now 2.4 times that of 1970.

(五)百分數的表示法

百分數由per cent 表示,常常和by連用,作狀語也可單獨作狀語:

Its total output value increased by 11.5 per cent over the previous year.

The output of cars in the U. S. last year was 24 per cent less than in 1973.

有時用作定語 賓語等:

The loss of metal has been reduced to less than 20%.

The March figure for output value registered a 37% increase over February.

(六)倍數的表示法:

一倍用once,兩倍用 twice,兩倍以上用基數詞+times。如:5倍five times。

(七)一些數學公式的讀法:

3+8=11 Three plus eight is eleven.

9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.

a>b a is more than b.

a

(八)約數的表示法

⑴ “多於”用more than 或over

This room can hold more than (=over) 500 people.這間屋子能容納500多人。

⑵ “少於”用less than

There are less than thirty balls in the basket.籃子裏不到三十個球。

⑶ “或……以上”用or more

The music hall can hold 7000 people or more.音樂廳能容納7000人或7000人以上。

⑷ “或……以下”用or less

The house can hold 50 people or less. 這座房子可容納50人或50人以下。

⑸ “大約”用about, around, nearly等

The box weights about 50 pounds.這個箱子重約50磅。

⑹ “左右”用or so

In the past ten years or so , they have changed a lot.在過去的十年左右的時間裏,他們改變了許多。

  擴展:寒假英語總動員如何跳出命題者設下的陷阱

一。細心審題,解析每一考查點,分析題幹。

中考題大多靈活多樣,是對學生分析題目的能力的檢驗,所以要認真思考提供的全部信息,避免亂套語法規則。

例:Would you like __________ pears, please?[吉林]

A. any B. some C D. little

(析):有些學生沒有認真審題,就亂套語法規則,認爲疑問句中必須用any,而忽略了表示徵求意見、請求等應用some.故正確答案爲B.

二、多向思維,分析"陷阱" .

一些"陷阱題",往往是根據同學們思維上的弱點而設計的,對於中學生來

說,要注意克服思維上存在着習慣、單一 、片面、混亂的缺陷。

例:The radio is too noisy. Would1 you please turn it ____a little? [遼寧]

A B. off3 C. up D. down

(析):學生們一看此題很高興,馬上想到了有關turn 的短語,嚮導前邊說聲音大,那肯定是關上了,於是就選了C,關上,而忽略了句末有a little一詞,故不可選用off,而應選down,指把音量"關小一點 ",而不是 “關掉一點”,故答案是D.

三、考查個別易混、易錯詞,或容易造成思維定向的特殊詞。

好多學生對知識的把握非常死,乍一看題目簡單,心裏很是高興,馬上拿筆就答,但往往是錯誤的,說明他們的靈活應變能力很弱,稍微變一下形就出錯,所以對做表面上看似容易的題更要小心謹慎。

例:She is a good student, she study ____,but the problem4 is hard, she ______ work it out by herself5. (江西)

A. hardly6, hard B. hard ,hard C. hardly, hardly D. hard, hardly.

(析):有的學生只知道hard是形容詞,誤認爲hardly是它的副詞形式就選C,而忽略了hard 既是形容詞也是副詞,而hardly的意思是“幾乎不”的意思,再依據句意,所以選擇D.

四、去僞存真,排除障礙。

魚目混珠的"陷阱題",大多數是以選擇題的形式出現,因此,對基本知識點, 要徹底搞懂 了爲止,這樣纔會分清選擇題目中的魚目及珍珠,避免出錯。

例:--The newspaper said7 that the famous8 singer would come here this evening.

---Yes. It is really ______ that he didn’t .

A. wrong B. sorry C. strange9 surprised10

(析):乍一看題目,學生很容易想到“很抱歉,他沒來。”但是主語是it,指他要來這件事,而不是sb,故排除;如用surprised, 主語也應是sb, wrong 不符合句意,故選C.指他沒來這件事情。

五、加強驗證,走出迷宮。

"迷宮"總能使一些人落入"迷失方向",怎麼辦?在平時訓練中,應注意掌

握走出"迷宮"的方法,加強驗證,就是一種行之有效的方法。

例:_______will be the population11 of China in the year 2010?(陝西)

A. What B. How many

C. How much D. Which

(析): 同學們很容易想到“多少”應用How many, How much提問,而人是可數名詞,所以選B.這樣就正中了圈套,通常情況下我們對可數名詞提問用How many沒問題,但是要依據特殊用法,語境來做答,應用What,故正確答案爲A.

相關連接

比較級常見誤區

1)要避免重複使用比較級。 (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對) He is more clever than his brother. (對) He is clever than his brother.

2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 (錯) China is larger that any country in Asia12. (對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3)要注意對應句型,遵循前後一致的原則。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan13 than to carry it out.

4)要注意冠詞的使用,後有名詞的時候,前面纔有可能有名詞。 比較:Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.

易錯題分析::

1.I have to speak to my gramdma loudly because there's ____________ with her ears.

thing wrong B. nothing wrong C. anything D. wrong something

分析: 修飾something, anything, nothing等複合不定代詞的定語後置。此題選A。

have built14 a bridge15 __________ long.

A.a hundred meters16 B. one-hundred-metre C. one-hundred-metres17 D. hundred metres

分析: 形容詞作定語時,位置要放在所修飾的名詞前面,但當它帶有表示量度的詞或詞組時,定語後置,因此選A。 若量度詞組變成合成語時,作定語用,則放在名詞前。

climate18 of Kunming in summer is not so hot as2 _____________.

A. Shanghai B. of Shanghai C. in Shanghai D. that of Shanghai

分析: 此題考查的是比較成分的協調一致性,這裏參加比較的事物是the climate of Kunming 和 that (the climate) of Shanghai,因此答案爲D。

is _____interesting book.

A.a B. an C. the D./

分析: interesting以元音[!]開頭,所以冠詞用an,此題選B。

5.____________ all like travelling19.

g B. A young C. The young gs

分析: 有些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人或事物。這時,它相當於一個名詞,可以作主語或賓語。 表示一類人時,看作複數。 例如: the young 年輕人 the sick 病人 the deaf 聾子 the blind 盲人 the aged 老人 the smooth 順事 the impossible 不可能的事