託福閱讀常考的海洋話題

託福閱讀中的海洋話題，會考察同學們對大洋和海的認識，海洋生物，例如海藻和海草，海綿動物，水母和海葵等，讓我們一起來看看這些與海洋有關的背景知識吧!

託福閱讀常考的海洋話題

1.大洋和海(oceans and seas)

大洋是指面積廣闊的大海，而海是和陸相對的一個概念。陸地和大海相接的地方形成各種美麗的海灘。海洋可以調節氣溫，因而在決定氣候方面起到了重要作用。在熱帶地區這一點體現得更爲明顯，海洋會吸收太陽散發出的熱量，使地面變得相對涼爽，並把熱量散步到地球各地。海洋沒有一刻是靜止的。海水會隨着潮流沿着一定的方向不停地流動。潮汐是由月球和太陽的引力(gravitational pull)而產生的一種現象，潮水漲幅最大時稱爲朔望大潮( spring tide)，漲幅小時稱爲小潮(neap tide)。

2.海藻和海草(algae and seaweeds)

海藻和其他植物一樣含有葉綠素，可以通過光合作用製造養分。海藻根據其所處的海水深度可分爲綠藻( green algae)、紅藻(red algae)和褐藻(brown algae)三種。

3.海綿動物、水母和海葵( sponges，jellyfish and sea anemones)

海綿動物是最原始的多細胞動物，全世界共有五千多種。海綿動物沒有組織和器官(organ)，是最爲簡單的動物，其身體由類似膠質的兩層組成。水母、海嘗屬於腔腸動物。和海綿動物想比，腔腸動物具有相對複雜的神經組織和對稱的身形，還有像觸手(tentacle) 一樣、由刺細胞 ( stinging cell)構成的嘴...

託福閱讀真題練習：海洋文化的文本+題目+答案

託福閱讀文本：

The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.

In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch.

Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.

The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.

After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.

託福閱讀題目：

1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A) Methods of food preservation

(B) How diet was restricted by the environment

(C) The contributions of women to the food supply

(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms

2. The word "unique" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) comprehensible

(B) productive

(C) intentional

(D) particular

3. The word "attained" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) achieved

(B) modified

(C) demanded

(D) spread

4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is

(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers

(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers

(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers

(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers

rding to the passage , what is true of the "division of labor" mentioned in line 5?

(A) It was first developed by NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast.

(B) It rarely existed among hunting

(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other

peoples.

(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.

6. The word "abundant" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) prosperous

(B) plentiful

(C) acceptable

(D) fundamental

of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they

(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish

(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did

(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast

(D) prepared and preserved the fish

8. The word "They" in line 16 refers to

(A) women

(B) tools

(C) mammals

(D) men

9. The NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to

(A) store utensils used in food preparation

(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling

(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish

(D) prepare elaborate meals

10. The wore "peculiar" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) strange

(B) distinctive

(C) appealing

(D) biological

11. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that

it was

(A) made from fish

(B) not actually cheese

(C) useful on long journeys

(D) made in a short period of time

託福閱讀答案：

CDAAC BCABB D

新託福閱讀機經：地球海洋的形成

托福考試日期：

2019年1月5日

托福考試內容回憶：

學科分類：天文

題目： 地球海洋的形成

內容回憶：海洋的形成，通過研究地球軌道 orbit 運動，太陽活動的變化去猜測海洋的形成，最終得出結論地球海洋形成是慢慢演變的

詞彙題：

1. extreme = intense

2. collide= mix together

3. in retrospect=reconsider the past