您能控制自己的身體反應騙過機器嗎(上)

“Polygraphy is not a game,” Eran Gazit, cofounder of the GazitPolygraph Institute warned when I called about taking a polygraph for thisstory. “It’s impossible to test the system unless you have skin in the need to have something to lose, like your job or marriage, or freedom.”

在我致電談到爲這篇報道參加測謊儀測試時，加齊特測謊儀研究所（Gazit Polygraph Institute）聯合創始人厄蘭·加齊特（EranGazit）警告道，“測謊儀測試可不是鬧着玩的，除非你在測試中有利益在，否則就不可能測試這個系統。你需要有能失去的東西，比如工作、婚姻或者自由。”

Nevertheless, I’m here tointerview his father, Mordi Gazit, who worked for the Israeli Police PolygraphUnit for 10 years before he cofounded the institute in Tel Aviv.

雖然如此，我還是來這裏採訪他的父親——穆爾迪·加齊特（Mordi Gazit）。在與他在特拉維夫聯合創建這個研究所前，他的父親爲以色列警方測謊部門工作了長達10 年之久。

I’m also here to tryto successfully lie my way through a polygraph.

我來這裏還想試試能否撒謊騙過測謊儀。

Which is how I found myself sitting in acomfortable chair with two straps wrapped around my chest, metal devicescovering my fingertips and a blood pressure cuff hanging around my arm. Thewires lead into a box that resembles a cable modem, which in turn iscontinuously sending data to Mordi’s laptop.

這樣，我就坐在了一張舒適的椅子中，胸部繞扎着兩根皮帶，指尖上固定着金屬裝置，胳膊上綁着血壓帶。各種導線都進入一個類似於機頂盒的盒子中，它將把數據源源不斷地發送到穆爾迪的筆記本電腦中。

Polygraph evidence is not admissible inmany courts, but the authorities have found other uses for them Commonly knownas lie detector tests, polygraphs work by measuring physiological changes inthe body, in this case respiration rate, pulse, blood pressure and galvanicskin response, which measures the electrical properties in the skin. Othermethods can involve measuring pupillary changes and brain activity using anfMRI.

這通常稱爲測謊儀測試。測謊儀是要靠測量人在回答各種問題時所產生的自然人體生理變化而斷定測試人是在講真話還是在說謊，我體驗的情況包括呼吸率、脈搏、血壓和皮膚電反應（測量皮膚的電學特性）等。其他方法還可能涉及測量瞳孔的變化和利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）測量大腦活動。

Polygraph evidence is generally notadmissible in criminal court in the US and most of Europe. But the authoritieshave found other uses for them. In the UK, probation officers use polygraphs tomonitor serious sex offenders, which has resulted in dozens of people returningto jail. In the US, polygraphs are used to screen candidates for the CIA andother government jobs.

美國和大多數歐洲刑事法庭通常並不接受測謊儀證據。但有關機構發現它另有用途。在英國，緩刑犯監督官利用測謊儀檢測嚴重性犯罪者，通過這種測試讓幾十名罪犯返回監獄。在美國，測謊儀被中央情報局和其他政府機構用於篩選求職者。

Walt Goodson, the president of the AmericanPolygraph Association spent 25 years in the Texas State Police, and emphasisestheir usefulness in conducting police investigations. “They are extremelyhelpful in focusing exams. It’s a quick and easy way to bring in a suspect anddecide if we need to look more into that person or if we need to look forsomeone else in our investigation.”

美國測謊協會會長沃爾特·古德森（Walt Goodson）曾在德克薩斯州警察部門工作長達25 年，他強調測謊儀在警方調查中的作用：“在集中測試中它們極爲有用。這是一種發現嫌疑人的簡單而快捷的方法，同時也有助於我們決定是否需要深入調查，或者是否需要尋找其他嫌疑人。”

And helping people cheat on polygraphs hasshown to have serious legal consequences. A former Oklahoma City police officerwas recently sentenced to two years in prison for coaching undercover Federalagents who said they wanted to cover up their crimes.

幫助他人設法騙過測謊儀將會帶來嚴重的法律後果。俄克拉荷馬市一名前任警官最近被判兩年監禁，原因就是他曾訓練臥底聯邦特工掩蓋罪行。

Trying to cheat

試圖欺騙

Yet could an untrained person like me stillfool the examiner?

但像我這樣未經訓練的人真的能騙過測謊儀嗎？

From the moment I meet Mordi, I feel likeI’m in the presence of a government agent. The 69-year-old has experiencewritten all over his face. He’s professional, speaks confidently and looks medead in the eye as he asks for my press credentials. I think to myself thateven if I can trick the machine, this guy would know if I was lying. I alreadyfeel nervous, as if I’m going to get caught for something I haven’t done. I’d laterdiscover that this is part of the problem with the tests.

從見到穆爾迪開始，我就感到自己像是在面對聯邦特工。豐富的經驗全都寫在69 歲的穆爾迪臉上。他非常專業，在要求我出示記者證件時，他直視着我的眼睛，語氣極爲自信。我暗自思忖，即使我撒謊能騙過測謊儀，也會被這傢伙看出來啊。我已經感到自己的緊張，就像是自己因爲什麼沒做過的事情要被抓住一樣。後來我認識到，這也是測謊測試所存在的部分問題。