中國獲研發FDI規模超美國 China passes US in race for FDI in research and development

China’s dominance as a manufacturing destination has diminished as labour costs in the country rise and as overall foreign direct investment flows plateau, but this is being offset by successes in capturing higher-value inward investment projects, such as those related to research and development. China is emerging as an R&D hub, in line with a government push to promote innovation and a race by Chinese companies to catch up with western competitors.

隨着中國國內勞動力成本上升，以及流入中國的外商直接投資(FDI)進入平穩期，中國作爲製造業外國投資主要目的地國的地位開始下降，但中國在吸引更高價值的外國投資項目方面——例如與研發有關的項目——頗爲成功。中國正成爲一個研發中心，這與中國政府推動創新的努力以及中國企業追趕西方競爭對手的行動相符。

Research from fDi Markets, an FT data service, reveals that China has caught up with the US in attracting foreign investment in R&D. Between January 2010 and December 2014, China attracted 88 greenfield R&D projects from foreign companies, against 91 in the US, and these projects involved capital investment of an estimated $5.5bn — more than twice the amount for the US. This puts China first in the world for the amount of greenfield foreign investment in R&D projects since 2010 and second in number of projects.

英國《金融時報》旗下數據服務機構fDi Markets的研究顯示，在吸引外國研發投資方面，中國已趕上美國的腳步。2010年1月至2014年12月，中國吸引了來自外國公司的88個綠地研發項目，美國吸引了91個；中國這些項目估計涉及55億美元資本投資，是美國的兩倍多。也就是說，中國自2010年以來在研發領域吸引的綠地外國投資規模位居全球之首，項目數量位居全球第二。

Last year, fDi Markets tracked 11 R&D projects into China, for $1.3bn, compared with 17 projects totalling $327m into the US. The previous year, China received 24 R&D projects at nearly $1.4bn, in a year when global greenfield expenditure on R&D projects continued a decline seen since 2011.

去年，fDi Markets追蹤了中國吸引的11個研發項目，價值13億美元，美國爲17個項目，總價值3.27億美元。2013年，中國吸引了近14億美元、24個研發項目投資，當年，全球綠地研發投資支出延續自2011年以來的下滑勢頭。

The pharmaceuticals sector is leading R&D investment in China, accounting for $1.6bn last year. Business machines and equipment ($817m) and consumer electronics ($540m) were the second and third most active sectors, suggesting a healthy spread of research-intensive activity across key industries. US companies are the most active R&D investors in China, with 32 companies spending $1.6bn on 36 projects in 2014, according to fDi Markets.

製藥行業是中國首要的研發投資領域，去年吸引了16億美元投資。商業機器和設備（8.17億美元）以及消費電子（5.4億美元）分列第二和第三，這表明，研究密集型活動在各個關鍵行業之間呈現健康分佈。在中國進行研發投資的外國公司中，美國公司最爲活躍——根據fDi Markets的數據，去年，有32家美國公司在中國36個項目上支出16億美元。

This comes as domestic Chinese companies are ramping up their own R&D expenditure and helping lead a shift in global R&D spending patterns and innovative activity. According to a study from consultancy Strategy&, while North American, European and Japanese companies still dominate total worldwide R&D spending, their respective shares are either stagnating or declining. The number of companies with headquarters in China represented on Strategy&’s Global Innovation 1000 list has multiplied from just eight in 2005 to 114 in 2014, and Chinese companies increased their R&D spending by 46 per cent last year compared with single-digit growth rates in North America and Europe.

目前中國國內企業正加大研發支出，並幫助引領全球研發支出模式和創新活動的新趨勢。根據諮詢機構Strategy&的一項研究，北美、歐洲和日本公司仍在全球研發總支出中占主導地位，但它們各自所佔的份額要麼不再增長，要麼出現了下滑。登上Strategy&全球創新1000強(Global Innovation 1000)榜單的總部位於中國的公司數量從2005年的8家增至2014年的114家；中國公司去年的研發支出增長46%，而北美和歐洲的這個增速僅爲個位數。

Publicly funded R&D is also on the rise in China, as the government seeks to move the economy rapidly up the value chain. It is a climb that appears to be all but complete.

在中國，政府資助的研發項目也在增多，因爲中國政府希望迅速提升本國經濟活動在價值鏈上的位置。目前看來，中國似乎已快要完成這個“攀升”階段。