如何看懂美國民意 人會再次喜歡希拉里

Now everyone will love her again.

現在所有人都會再次喜歡她。

Chris Cillizza of the Washington Post, in his postmortem on the election, wrote that although as a candidate Hillary Clinton was never able to show that she was something more than the hyper-prepared, supersmart, best student in the class, she managed to show more of herself in her concession speech Wednesday morning, the latest example of politicians doing their best when they’ve lost something they wanted so badly.

《華盛頓郵報》(Washington Post)的克里斯.席利薩(Chris Cillizza)在美國大選後的剖析中寫道，儘管作爲候選人，希拉里.克林頓(Hillary Clinton)從未能夠展示她不只是班級裏做足功課的、超級聰明的最優秀學生，但她成功在週三早上的敗選演講中更多地吐露了心聲，這是政客們在失去自己渴望的東西時華麗轉身的最新例子。

Nonsense.

這完全是胡說。

Mrs Clinton made the same case for a united America, an inclusive, big-hearted America in her concession speech that she made in the last debate and in plenty of campaign speeches.

無論是在敗選演講中，還是在最後一場辯論以及許多競選演講中，希拉里都在主張建設一個團結的美國，一個包容的、心胸寬廣的美國。

The change was in the listener, not the speaker.

改變的是聽衆，而非演講者。

Once she was properly humbled, her grace, grit and authenticity could be recognised.

一旦她好好嚐到了逆境的滋味，她的風度、堅韌和真誠就可以得到認可。

For millions of American women, and plenty of men, she was always striving for something beyond herself, a stronger, more united, equal and caring America.

對數以百萬計的美國女性和衆多男性而言，她始終在爲事業而忘我地奮鬥，爲的是打造一個更強大、更爲團結、平等和關懷的美國。

She made this point at the 2008 Democratic Convention, when she talked about the people who had motivated her to run.

她在2008年民主黨全國代表大會上闡明瞭這一點，當時她談到了激勵自己競選的人們。

She said to her supporters: I want you to ask yourselves: Were you in this campaign just for me? . . . Or were you in it for all the people in this country who feel invisible?

她向支持者表示：我希望你們捫心自問一下：你們投入這場競選中只是爲了我？……還是爲了這個國家所有覺得自己毫無發言權的人們？

The context is all.

背景是一切。

As long as Mrs Clinton was seeking to be president, she was, to so many, a striving, ambitious, cold and calculating woman.

只要希拉里在尋求競選總統，她在許多人眼裏就是一個不擇手段、野心勃勃、冷酷而且精於計算的女性。

That stereotype is all too familiar to women who want to hold the same positions that men do.

對那些希望佔據由男性把持的職位的女性來說，這種成見過於熟悉。

But once she held a job, whether senator or secretary of state, she was widely admired by many of the same people who had disliked her as a candidate.

但是一旦她投入工作，無論是參議員還是國務卿，當初不喜歡她作爲候選人的許多人都對她倍感欽佩。

Both Democrats and Republicans would tell me that they had opposed her in the 2008 campaign but were so impressed with the job she was doing.

無論是民主黨人還是共和黨人都會告訴我，他們在2008年大選中反對希拉里，但對她的工作表現留下極爲深刻的印象。

Beyond sexism, however, Mrs Clinton lost this election above all because of a sweeping and intense desire for change — the same hunger that elected Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012.

然而，除了性別歧視以外，希拉里之所以敗選，最大原因是人們普遍渴望改變——正是這種渴望讓巴拉克.奧巴馬(Barack Obama)在2008年和2012年贏得大選。

Nate Silver predicted before the election that if Donald Trump won, it would be because of white American men without a college degree who had voted for Mr Obama over John McCain or Mitt Romney but would now vote Trump.

納特.西爾弗(Nate Silver)在大選前預計，如果唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)贏得大選，那將是因爲那些沒上過大學、曾經支持奧巴馬而非約翰.麥凱恩(John McCain)或者米特.羅姆尼(Mitt Romney)的白人男性選民現在支持了特朗普。

And so it proved.

結果就是如此。

More than 80 per cent of voters, who prioritised can bring needed change, chose Mr Trump, even when they thought he did not have the temperament to be president.

看重候選人能夠帶來必要改變的選民中，80%以上選擇了特朗普，即使他們認爲特朗普的性情不適合當總統。

The question, for Republicans and Democrats alike, is how to accomplish that change.

無論是對共和黨還是對民主黨人士來說，問題在於如何實現那種改變。

How to rebuild a crumbling country and redress the decades-long slide in the standard of living and quality of life for middle-class Americans?

如何重建一個搖搖欲墜的國家，糾正美國中產階級持續數十年的生活水平和生活質量滑坡？

How to create an economy that provides opportunity for white men in post-industrial America as well as for African Americans, Latinos and other minorities?

如何讓後工業時代的美國經濟爲白人男子以及非裔、西語裔以及其他少數族裔美國人提供機會？

A few weeks ago, at the annual dinner for the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think-tank, its president Arthur Brooks spoke of the need to return to core values as the starting point for finding opportunity in the crisis gripping America.

幾個星期前，在保守派智庫美國企業研究所(American Enterprise Institute)的年度晚宴上，所長阿瑟.布魯克斯(Arthur Brooks)談到有必要重拾核心價值觀，作爲在危機肆虐的美國尋覓機遇的出發點。

Core values include the equality of human dignity, and the right of each person to realise his or her potential.

核心價值觀包括人的尊嚴平等，以及每個人都有實現自己潛能的權利。

He was repeating, perhaps unwittingly, one of Mrs Clinton’s mantras: the desire for a nation and a world where everyone can live up to his or her God-given potential.

他（或許是無意地）在重複希拉里的信條之一：渴望建立一個每個人都能實現自己天賦的國家乃至世界。

Mr Trump took up this refrain in his victory speech, adding one of his signature phrases: It’s going to be a beautiful thing.

特朗普在勝選演講中借鑑了這一格言，加上他自己的口頭禪之一：這將是非常美妙的事情。

Every single American will have the opportunity to realise his or her fullest potential.

每一個美國人都將有機會實現他或者她的全部潛能。

Equal opportunity is a staple of the American political diet.

機會平等是美國政治食譜的主菜。

But focusing on individual potential could point to a populism without demagoguery, a people-centred politics that measures success in terms of the numbers who have access to good jobs, schools and life opportunities rather than of the size of government, the level of taxes or the amount of regulation.

但是聚焦於個人潛能有望帶來一種沒有煽動的民粹主義，一種以人爲本的政治，其衡量成功的標準是獲得好工作、學校和人生機遇的數量，而非政府規模、稅收水平或者法規數量。

The American political system is ¬broken.

美國政治制度目前運轉不靈。

It does not deliver the results that a majority of Americans want, in poll after poll, on issues from gun safety to wages to fiscal responsibility.

從槍支安全、薪資，到財政責任，一次又一次投票的結果顯示，它沒有帶來絕大多數美國人希望的結果。

The only way forward is to harness the desire for change to political reforms that will allow voters to vote for what they want and politicians to be able to deliver it.

唯一的前進之路是利用改變的願望來推行政治改革，讓選民能夠投票選出他們想要的結果，也讓政客們能夠兌現改革承諾。

Mr Trump said he would take on that system;

特朗普表示，他將挑戰這個制度。

the Republican establishment that hopes to tame him has a different idea.

希望馴服他的共和黨建制派有不同的想法。

But if he fails, another candidate for change will run the table in 2020.

但是如果他失敗了，另一個舉着改變大旗的候選人將在2020年異軍突起。