法國學者梯若爾獲諾貝爾經濟學獎
Jean Tirole, a French academic whose work on how to tame the power of oligopolies has helped change the way companies are regulated, has won a rare solo Nobel Prize for economics.
法國學者讓•梯若爾(Jean Tirole)難得地獨自一人贏得諾貝爾經濟學獎(Nobel Prize for economics)。他對如何馴服寡頭壟斷的研究，幫助改變了企業監管的方式。
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said Mr Tirole was “one of the most influential economists of our time”. His biggest contribution was to clarify “how to understand and regulate industries with a few powerful firms”.
瑞典皇家科學院(Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences)表示，梯若爾是“我們這個時代最有影響力的經濟學家之一”。他最大的貢獻是明晰了“如何理解和監管只有幾家強勢企業的行業”。Mr Tirole, one of the founders of the prestigious Toulouse School of Economics, has long been regarded as a likely winner of the prize. The decision to award it to him shows the depth of his influence in creating a new way to look at competition.
梯若爾是知名的圖盧茲經濟學院(Toulouse School of Economics)的創始人之一，他一直被視爲諾貝爾經濟學獎的可能得主。將今年的經濟學獎授予他的決定，展現了他在創造一種新的方式來看待競爭方面的深遠影響力。
For the academy, which confers the Riksbank prize in memory of Alfred Nobel, it marks a return to the less contentious realm of pure economic theory after last year’s award went to Robert Shiller, Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen for their sometimes conflicting work on asset pricing and efficient markets.
瑞典央行(Riksbank)爲紀念阿爾弗雷德•諾貝爾(Alfred Nobel)而設立諾貝爾經濟學獎。對於評選該獎得主的瑞典皇家科學院來說，今年的選擇標誌着它迴歸爭議較少的純經濟理論領域。去年，該獎被頒發給羅伯特•席勒(Robert Shiller)、尤金•法瑪(Eugene Fama)和拉爾斯•皮特•漢森(Lars Peter Hansen)，以表彰他們在資產定價和有效市場方面有時自相矛盾的研究成果。“There’s not any one thing, there’s so much,” said Paul Klemperer, a professor at Oxford university. “He changed the way people think about industrial organisation.
“不是一個方面，而是有很多方面，”牛津大學(Oxford university)教授保羅•克倫佩勒(Paul Klemperer)表示。“他改變了人們對於工業組織的思維方式。“He has been a leader in reshaPing our understanding of competition policy away from simple models of perfect markets to a recognition that different contexts require different solutions.”
“他引領我們重塑對競爭政策的理解：從完美市場的簡單模型，轉向意識到不同的情況需要不同的解決方案。”In a sign of his influence on policy makers, Pierre Moscovici, incoming European Commissioner for economic and financial affairs and a former French finance minister, said Mr Tirole’s “work illuminates the paths we should follow to end the crisis”.
突顯他對政策制定者影響力的是，法國前財長、即將出任歐盟委員會經濟和金融事務專員的皮埃爾•莫斯科維奇(Pierre Moscovici)表示，梯若爾的“研究成果指明瞭我們終結危機的途徑”。Professor Tirole, who was born in 1953, is famous for his analysis of companies with market power. He showed that simple policy rules, such as capping prices for monopolies, sometimes did more harm than good.
出生於1953年的梯若爾以分析具有強大市場實力的企業而聞名。他證明，簡單的政策規則（比如針對壟斷企業設定價格上限）有時弊大於利。Instead, through his articles and books, he generated a general framework for designing better policies and applied it to a number of industries, from telecommunications to banking. His work has shaped the regulation of big computer companies such as Microsoft and Google.
相反，通過他的文章和著作，他提出了一個設計更佳政策的總體框架，並將其應用於從電信到銀行的多個行業。他的研究成果影響了對大型科技公司如微軟(Microsoft)和谷歌(Google)的監管。The academy said his work was a “splendid example of how economic theory can be of great practical significance”.
瑞典皇家科學院表示，他的研究成果是一個“極佳的例子，說明經濟理論可能具有很大的現實意義”。
