美國曆屆總統大排名 林肯奪冠
Days after celebrations honoring his bicentennial, Abraham Lincoln kept his rank as best US president, according to a survey of 65 historians that landed George W. Bush 36th out of 42 overall.
Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865), the first US president George Washington (1789-1797) and New Deal architect Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) were ranked the top three out of the 42 men who have been the country's former chiefs, according to a survey by cable channel C-SPAN.
John F. Kennedy came in sixth, ahead of Ronald Reagan (10th) and Bill Clinton, who jumped to 15th from 21st during the last survey in 2000, when Lincoln also ranked first.
Of all modern presidents, Bush, who left office last month after an eight-year tenure, fared worst at 36th, nearly 10 spots behind Richard Nixon (27th), who was forced to resign in disgrace in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal.
Bush scored lowest in international relations, where he ranked 41st, and in economic management, where he placed 40th. His best ranking was 24th, in having "pursued equal justice for all." He placed 25th in crisis leadership, and for his vision and agenda setting.
Reagan faired well in public persuasion, where he was propelled to third spot, from his 10th place overall.
Bill Clinton also received accolades for his public persuasion, landing a 10th spot in that category, up from 15th overall.
But presidential historians were critical of the last Democratic president's moral authority, placing him 37th, ahead of Richard Nixon (41st), but behind Bush (35th).
Jimmy Carter fell from 22nd to 25th overall, and many other presidents moved positions. The fluidity of perceptions of past presidents reflects contemporary concerns, according to Edna Medford, a survey leader and participant.
"Today's concerns shape our views of the past, be it in the area of foreign policy, managing the economy or human rights," she said in a statement.
Presidents James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Pierce and William Henry Harrison ranked worst overall.
在美國紀念已故前總統亞伯拉罕•林肯誕辰兩百週年之際，一項對65位歷史學家開展的調查顯示，在美國曆任42位總統中，林肯被認爲是最出色的總統，而小布什則僅排在第36位。
這項由美國有線頻道C-SPAN開展的“歷屆總統排名”調查顯示，亞伯拉罕•林肯（1861-1865）、美國第一任總統喬治•華盛頓（1789-1797）和“新政”總統富蘭克林•D•羅斯福名列總統榜前三位。
約翰·F·肯尼迪名列第六，唐納德·里根位列第十，比爾·克林頓從2000年上一次排名的第21位躍居今年的第15位。在2000年的調查中，林肯也名列榜首。
在現代的歷任總統中，剛於上月結束八年任期並離任的布什總統得分最低，僅排在第36位，落後因水門事件而被迫辭職的尼克松總統（第26位）近10位。
布什在“國際關係”和“經濟管理”兩項的得分最低，分別排在第41位和第40位。布什得分最高的一項是“實現公平正義”，排在第24位。他在“危機處理”和“遠見和議程設定”兩項中均排在第25名。
綜合排名第十位的里根總統在“公衆勸導”一項得分較高，排名第三。
綜合排名第15位的克林頓在這一項的得分也較高，名列第十。
但這位上屆民主黨總統在“道德權威”方面得到的評價可不太好，僅排在第37位，高於尼克松（41名），落後於小布什（35名）。
吉米•卡特從上一次排名的第22位跌至第25位，而其他很多總統較之上次的排名都有所上升。調查負責人及參與者埃德娜•梅德福說，排名的變動受到如今人們關注點的影響。
她在一份聲明中說：“無論是外交政策、經濟管理還是人權領域，人們現在的關注點會影響我們對過去的看法。”
排在最後幾位的總統是詹姆斯•布坎南、安德魯•約翰遜、富蘭克林•皮爾斯以及威廉•亨利•哈里森。
